Table 3. Disease Severity of RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza by Subtype or Lineage Among US Adults.
| In-hospital outcome | RSV subtypes | SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages | Influenza A Subtypes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, No. (%) | P value | Patients, No. (%) | P value | Patients, No. (%) | P value | |||||||
| A (n = 250) | B (n = 118) | BA.1 (n = 217) | BA.2 (n = 691) | BA.4/5 (n = 1310) | BQ.1 (n = 467) | XBB.1.5 (n = 781) | A(H3N2) (n = 474) | A(H1N1) (n = 175) | ||||
| Supplemental oxygen therapya | 188 (75.2) | 84 (71.2) | .41 | 158 (72.8) | 372 (53.8) | 751 (57.3) | 275 (58.9) | 443 (56.7) | <.001 | 297 (62.7) | 121 (69.1) | .13 |
| Advanced respiratory supportb | 71 (28.4) | 32 (27.1) | .80 | 70 (32.3) | 87 (12.6) | 238 (18.2) | 77 (16.5) | 136 (17.4) | <.001 | 76 (16.0) | 42 (24.0) | .02 |
| Acute organ failurec | 74 (29.6) | 32 (27.1) | .62 | 76 (35.0) | 102 (14.8) | 258 (19.7) | 87 (18.6) | 159 (20.4) | <.001 | 84 (17.7) | 44 (25.1) | .04 |
| ICU admission | 62 (24.8) | 22 (18.6) | .19 | 59 (27.2) | 93 (13.5) | 213 (16.3) | 75 (16.1) | 108 (13.8) | <.001 | 68 (14.4) | 32 (18.3) | .22 |
| IMV or death | 28 (11.2) | 11 (9.3) | .58 | 34 (15.7) | 49 (7.1) | 126 (9.6) | 40 (8.6) | 60 (7.7) | .002 | 33 (7.0) | 14 (8.0) | .65 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
Supplemental oxygen therapy was defined as use of supplemental oxygen at any flow rate with any device for those not on chronic supplemental oxygen, or as escalation of respiratory support for patients who use chronic supplemental oxygen, at any time during hospitalization prior to day 28.
Advanced respiratory support was defined as receipt of organ support for respiratory failure (high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation, or IMV) at any time during the hospitalization before day 28. Patients receiving chronic home noninvasive ventilation were classified as requiring respiratory support if they received IMV in the hospital. Patients receiving chronic home IMV were ineligible for this outcome.
Acute organ failure is a composite of respiratory failure (including use of high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation, and IMV), cardiovascular failure (use of vasopressors), or renal failure (acute use of kidney replacement therapy).