Table 2. Association between neck circumference measured during pregnancy and glucose levels and markers of insulin resistance in the postpartum among women with obesity/overweight with and without GDM.

	Fasting glucose (mg/dL)		2-hour glucose (mg/dL)		HbA1c (%)		Fasting insulin (µUI/mL)		Log HOMA-IR		TyG index
	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p
Crude	1.22 (0.30-2.13)	0.010	3.09 (0.27-5.91)	0.032	0.05 (0.02-0.08)	0.001	0.64 (0.15-1.14)	0.011	0.07 (0.02-0.11)	0.006	0.03 (0.008-0.05)	0.008
Model 1	1.33 (0.43-2.24)	0.004	3.16 (0.47-5.84)	0.022	0.05 (0.02-0.08)	0.002	0.71 (0.20-1.22)	0.006	0.07 (0.03-0.12)	0.003	0.03 (0.009-0.05)	0.006
Model 2	1.42 (0.29-2.55)	0.015	2.48 (-0.79-5.75)	0.136	0.52 (0.1-0.09)	0.006	0.50 (-0.11-1.17)	0.107	0.05 (-0.00-0.11)	0.072	0.02 (-0.006-0.04)	0.138
Model 3	0.90 (-0.26 – 2.07)	0.128	1.08 (-2.31-4.47)	0.529	0.04 (-0.00-0.07)	0.060	0.55 (-1.01-1.21)	0.096	0.05 (-0.01-0.12)	0.085	0.01 (-0.011-0.04)	0.259

Linear regression analysis. Model 1, adjusted for age, family history of diabetes, and number of pregnancies. Model 2, Model 1 plus pregestational body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy. Model 3, Model 2 plus gestational diabetes.