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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups. 2024 May 7;9(3):836–852. doi: 10.1044/2024_PERSP-23-00204

Table 2.

Racial And Ethnic Categories, Derived According to NIH Guidelines

Race Ethnicity

American Indian or Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino(a)(x)
Asian Not Hispanic or Latino(a)(x)
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
Multi-racial
Other

Note. NIH = National Institutes of Health. Original NIH guidelines only require the first five categories and a “more than one race” designation (NIH, 2015). We used “Multi-racial” and added “Other” to reflect the most recent US Census and racial identities that fall outside of the required NIH categories (US Census Bureau, 2020b). Original NIH guidelines give ethnic categories as “Hispanic or Latino” and “Not Hispanic or Latino” and allow also for “Spanish origin” to be included (NIH, 2015). Parentheticals were added here for further gender inclusivity.