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. 2023 Aug 30;25(5):743–762. doi: 10.1007/s10198-023-01620-8

Table 6.

Sample shares of actual daily working hours spent on screen time related working activities of total daily working hours and sample shares differences by WfH status - LPP sample Wave 4

(1) (2) (3) (4)
All WfH No WfH Difference
% Meetings by telephone or internet calls 10.6 13.0 6.8 6.2***
% Writing and reading message 18.2 20.4 14.7 5.7***
% Writing or revising texts on computer, laptop or tablet 16.9 17.6 15.8 1.8
% Entering or processing data on a computer, laptop or tablet 17.2 15.0 20.6 -5.6**
% Researching and collecting information online 5.0 5.1 4.8 0.4
% Programming 3.4 3.2 3.7 – 0.5
Observations 401 242 159 401

The table displays the shares for the total sample (column 1), the sample of individuals who WfH (column 2), the sample of individuals who do not WfH but could do so job-wise and by the permission of the employer (column 3) and the difference in shares between those two subgroups (column 4). Stars for significance belong to a corresponding two sample mean t test. Information on the employers permission of WfH and whether the job tasks of the individuals allow WfH are taken from LPP Wave 3

* p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01