Table 7.
Difference in level of agreement by attempts to implement ASP in the hospitals, in 2022 (N = 181).
| Items and level of agreement for each items | Hospitals attempted ASP |
P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Yes (%) | Total (%) | |||
| Antibiotic resistance is a significant problem worldwide | Disagree | 7(50.0) | 7(50.0) | 14(7.7) | 0.013a |
| Neutral | 1(16.7)) | 5(83.3) | 6(3.3) | ||
| Agree | 28(17.4) | 133 (82.6) | 161(82.6) | ||
| Inappropriate consumption of antibiotics is a major cause of antibiotic resistance in this hospital | Disagree | 6(42.9) | 8(57.1) | 147.7) | 0.034a |
| Neutral | 8(26.7) | 22(73.3) | 3(16.6) | ||
| Agree | 22(16.1) | 115(83.9) | 137(75.7) | ||
| The easy access to antibiotics without a prescription in Ethiopia contributes to antibiotic resistance | Disagree | 8(53.3) | 7(46.7) | 15(8.3) | 0.003a |
| Neutral | 2(18.2) | 9(81.8) | 11(6.1) | ||
| Agree | 26(16.8) | 129(83.2) | 155(85.6) | ||
| The lack of adequate diagnostic tests in this hospital leads to overuse of antibiotics | Disagree | 6(18.8) | 26(81.2) | 32(17.7) | 0.035b |
| Neutral | 1(3.3) | 29(96.7) | 30(16.6) | ||
| Agree | 29(24.4) | 90(75.6( | 119(65.7) | ||
| My choice of antibiotics is often influenced by the availability of the antibiotics | Disagree | 11(30.6) | 25(69.4) | 36(20.0) | 0.012b |
| Neutral | 1(2.9) | 33(97.1) | 34(18.8) | ||
| Agree | 24(21.6) | 87(78.4) | 111(61.3) | ||
| I regularly consider susceptibility patterns at this hospital when empirically prescribing or recommending antibiotics | Disagree | 24(29.6) | 57(70.4) | 81(44.8) | 0.009a |
| Neutral | 5(8.9) | 51(91.1) | 56(30.9) | ||
| Agree | 7(15.9) | 37(84.1) | 44(24.3) | ||
| I routinely try to step down broad-spectrum antibiotics to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic after about three days | Disagree | 8(12.9) | 54(87.1) | 62(34.3) | 0.016a |
| Neutral | 17(33.3) | 34(66.7) | 51(28.2) | ||
| Agree | 11(16.2) | 57(83.8) | 68(37.6) | ||
| I routinely prescribe/recommend very broad-spectrum antibiotics empirically because I believe most patients are infected with a drug-resistant organism | Disagree | 22(28.6) | 55(71.4) | 77(42.5) | 0.032a |
| Neutral | 8(16.7) | 40(83.3) | 48(26.5) | ||
| Agree | 6(10.7) | 50(89.3) | 56(30.9) | ||
| I routinely check microbiology laboratory results to guide my choice of antibiotics | Disagree | 27(31.4) | 59(68.6) | 86(47.5) | 0.002a |
| Neutral | 6(13.6) | 38(86.4) | 44(24.3) | ||
| Agree | 3(6.0) | 48(94.0) | 51(88.1) | ||
| In the past seven days, I have prescribed broad spectrum antibiotics for longer than 3 days for more than 50 % of my patients | Disagree | 8(11.0) | 65(89.0) | 73(40.3) | 0.001b |
| Neutral | 9(16.1) | 47(83.9) | 56(30.9) | ||
| Agree | 19(36.5) | 33(63.5) | 52(28.7) | ||
| ASP has impact on an institution's nosocomial infection rates | Disagree | 1(6.7) | 14(99.3) | 15(8.3) | 0.013a |
| Neutral | 4(8.3) | 44(91.7) | 48(26.5) | ||
| Agree | 31(26.3) | 87(73.7) | 118(65.2) | ||
| Total for all items | 36(19.9) | 145(80.1) | 181(100.0) | ||
a
Hospitals attempted to implement ASP have better agreement.
b
Hospitals which didn't attempted ASP do have better agreement.