Table 5.

Risk of Bias Judgement for Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (NRSI)

References	Confounding	Selection of participants	Deviation from intervention	Missing data	Measurement of outcome	Selective reporting	Overall judgment	Reasons
Adegbolagun et al. [54]	Serious	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious	Possible confounding factors such as age and gender not adjusted for. Regression to the mean not accounted for. Self-reported measures used
Are et al. [55]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Use of control group largely eliminated confounding bias
Isa et al. [61]	Serious	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious	Possible confounding factors like age, gender, education, SES, not measured and controlled for. Also does not use appropriate statistical methods to account for regression to the mean. Self-reported outcome could lead to response bias