Table 2.
Screening tests’ characteristics of calf circumference, SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARCF + EBM, handgrip strength, chair stand time, time up-and-go, and gait speed against the AWGS 2019 criteria.
| Screening test | Sensitivity% (95% CI)a |
Specificity (95% CI)a |
Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) |
Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) |
Positive predictive valuea % (95% CI) |
Negative predictive value % (95% CI) |
Area under the curveB (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Calf circumference | 85.7 (63.7, 97.0)2,5,7,8 | 77.0 (65.8, 86.0)6,7 | 3.73 (2.37, 5.86) | 0.19 (0.06, 0.53) | 51.4 (34, 68.6) | 95.0 (86.1, 99.0) | 0.830 (0.734, 0.925) |
| 2. SARC-F | 28.6 (11.3, 52.2)1,6 | 75.7 (64.3, 84.9)4,6,7 | 1.17 (0.53, 2.58) | 0.94 (0.7, 1.27) | 25 (9.8, 46.7) | 78.9 (67.6, 87.7) | 0.509 (0.373, 0.644)b |
| 3. SARC-CalF | 76.2 (52.8, 91.8)7,8 | 78.4 (67.3, 87.1)6,7 | 3.52 (2.15, 5.78) | 0.3 (0.14, 0.66) | 50 (31.9, 68.1) | 92.1 (82.4, 97.4) | 0.782 (0.669, 0.895) |
| 4. SARCF + EBM | 40.9 (20.7, 63.6) | 96.2 (89.2, 99.2)2,6,8 | 10.64 (3.15, 35.95) | 0.61 (0.43, 0.87) | 75 (42.8, 94.5)8 | 85.2 (76.1, 91.9) | 0.860 (0.764, 0.955) |
| 5. Handgrip strength | 30.4 (13.2, 52.9)1.6 | 93.8 (86.2, 98.0)6,8 | 4.93 (1.73, 14.09) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.98) | 58.3 (27.7, 84.8) | 82.6 (73.3, 89.7) | 0.710 (0.593, 0.826)b |
| 6. Chair stand time | 87.0 (66.4, 97.2)2,5,7,8 | 33.3 (23.2, 44.7)1,2,3,4,5,7 | 1.30 (1.05, 1.63) | 0.39 (0.13, 1.17) | 27.0 (17.4, 38.6) | 90.0 (73.5, 97.9) | 0.669 (0.545, 0.794)b |
| 7. Time up and go | 8.7 (1.1, 28.0)1,3,6 | 97.5 (91.4, 99.7)1,2,3,6,8 | 3.52 (0.52, 23.65) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 50.0 (6.8, 93.2) | 79.0 (69.7, 86.5) | 0.712 (0.585, 0.839) |
| 8. Gait speed 6 m walk | 21.7 (7.5, 43.7)1,3,6 | 60.5 (49.0, 71.2)4,5,7 | 0.55 (0.24, 1.25) | 1.29 (0.98, 1.71) | 13.5 (4.5, 28.8)4 | 73.1 (60.9, 83.2) | 0.687 (0.545, 0.829)b |
ap-value < 0.05 by chi-square test among Calf circumference, SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARCF + EBM, Handgrip strength, Chair stand time, Time up and go, and Gait speed 6 m walk.
1–8p-value < 0.05 for multiple proportions test by Marascuillo procedure.
1Significantly different with Calf circumference (p < 0.05).
2Significantly different with SARC-F (p < 0.05).
3Significantly different with SARC-CalF (p < 0.05).
4Significantly different with SARCF + EBM (p < 0.05).
5Significantly different with Handgrip strength (p < 0.05).
6Significantly different with Chair stand time (p < 0.05).
7Significantly different with Time up and go (p < 0.05).
8Significantly different with Gait speed 6 m walk (p < 0.05).
Bp-value < 0.05 by the DeLong method.
bSignificantly different with Calf circumference (p < 0.05).