FIG. 1.

Large trial-by-trial membrane voltage fluctuations. Membrane voltage responses are shown using whole cell recordings in awake behaving primates for both fixation alone trials (left) and visual stimulation trials (right). A drifting grating is presented for 1 s beginning at the arrow. Below, the membrane voltage traces are records of horizontal and vertical eye movements, illustrating that the animal was fixating during the stimulus. Red and green traces indicate different trials under the same conditions. Adapted from Ref. [27].