Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis of a competing risk regression between COPD (defined using ICD-9 diagnoses only) and ESKD progression in older Veterans (aged 65 yr or older) with incident stage 4 CKD from 2011 to 2013
| HR | 95% CI | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main effect | |||
| No COPD | 1.00 | ||
| COPD and formoterol | 0.67 | 0.50–0.89 | <0.01 |
| COPD and other β2-AR agonist | 0.79 | 0.64–0.99 | 0.039 |
| COPD and no β2-AR agonist | 0.99 | 0.79–1.23 | 0.91 |
| Covariates | |||
| Age | 0.92 | 0.91–0.92 | <0.0001 |
| Male (vs. female) | 2.30 | 1.59–3.31 | <0.0001 |
| Race-ethnicity | |||
| NHW | 1.00 | ||
| NHB | 1.79 | 1.65–1.94 | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 1.69 | 1.46–1.96 | <0.0001 |
| Other | 1.43 | 1.18–1.73 | <0.001 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity burden score | 0.98 | 0.98–0.99 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 1.48 | 1.34–1.64 | <0.0001 |
| CHF | 0.91 | 0.80–1.04 | 0.16 |
| HTN | 0.94 | 0.84–1.04 | 0.24 |
| Liver disease | 1.26 | 0.97–1.62 | 0.079 |
| ACE inhibitors | 0.91 | 0.85–0.97 | <0.01 |
| Diuretics | 1.03 | 0.95–1.11 | 0.46 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; β2-AR, β2-adrenergic receptor; NHW, non-Hispanic White; NHB, non-Hispanic Black; CHF, congestive heart failure; HTN, hypertension; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.