Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| First author, year | Country | Setting | Study design | Study period | Outcomes accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ben-Abraham, 2002 (17) | Israel | Pediatric ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 1 | Nosocomial infection (including bacteremia) |
| Bloemendaal, 2009 (18) | Netherlands, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece | General ICU | Prospective observational study | 0.25 | Acquisition of MRSA |
| Bracco, 2007 (19) | Canada | Surgical ICU | Prospective observational study | 2.5 | Nosocomial bacteremia, acquisition of MRSA/Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Domanico, 2011 (20) | United States | Neonatal ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 2 | Nosocomial sepsis |
| Jansen, 2021 (14) | Netherlands | Neonatal ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 4 | Nosocomial infection (including bacteremia) |
| Jung, 2022 (10) | Republic of Korea | Medical ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 3.5 | Acquisition of CRAB |
| Hu, 2020 (21) | China | General ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 2 | MDRO infection, nosocomial infection (including bacteremia) |
| Lazar, 2015 (22) | Israel | Neonatal ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 8 | Nosocomial bacteremia |
| Levin, 2011 (23) | Israel | General ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 2.5 | Nosocomial bacteremia, acquisition of MDRO |
| Mulin, 1997 (24) | France | Surgical ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 1 | Colonization or infection with A. bau-manii |
| Ture, 2020 (12) | Türkiye | General ICU | QE (pre-post intervention comparison) | 2 | Nosocomial infection, acquisition of CRAB/CAKP/CRPA |
| Zhang, 2018 (25) | China | General ICU | Retrospective observational study | 1 | MDRO infection |
CRAB, carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; CRKP, carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; CRPA, carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ICU, intensive care unit; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organisms; QE, quasi-experimental.