Table 4.
Multiple logistic regression analysis of explanatory variables in association with the response variable (blindness).
| Comparison | Point estimate | 95% Confidence interval | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| State: Midwest vs. Northeast | 1.03 | 0.826–1.284 | 0.793 |
| State: South vs. Northeast | 1.611 | 1.324–1.960 | < 0.0001* |
| State: West vs. Northeast | 1.155 | 0.932–1.432 | 0.189 |
| Sex: female vs. male | 1.099 | 0.981–1.232 | 0.105 |
| General Health: fair/ poor vs. excellent/ very good | 2.923 | 2.475–3.452 | < 0.0001 |
| General Health: good vs. excellent/very good | 1.521 | 1.297–1.784 | < 0.0001 |
| Personal doctor: yes, one or more vs. no provider | 0.791 | 0.664–0.941 | 0.008 |
| Medical cost: no vs. yes | 0.592 | 0.512–0.685 | < 0.0001 |
| Checkups: within past 2 years vs. never/5+ years | 0.936 | 0.730–1.201 | 0.604 |
| Diabetes: no vs. yes | 0.842 | 0.739–0.959 | 0.010 |
| Education level: graduated high school vs. less than high school | 0.928 | 0.724–1.189 | 0.555 |
| Education level: attended college vs. less than high school | 0.833 | 0.642–1.081 | 0.170 |
| Education level: graduated college vs. less than high school | 0.645 | 0.489–0.850 | 0.002 |
| Employment status: employed vs. student | 1.507 | 0.916–2.480 | 0.107 |
| Employment status: unemployed vs. student | 2.86 | 1.662–4.919 | 0.0001 |
| Employment status: homemaker vs. student | 1.854 | 1.076–3.197 | 0.026 |
| Employment status: retired vs. student | 1.774 | 1.048–3.003 | 0.033 |
| Employment status: unable to work vs. student | 3.641 | 2.156–6.148 | < 0.0001 |
| Income status: < USD 35,000 vs. > USD 75,000 | 1.683 | 1.347–2.102 | < 0.0001 |
| Income status: Between USD 35,000–75,000 vs. > USD 75,000 | 1.157 | 0.930–1.439 | 0.190 |
| Type of health insurance: no plan vs. military plan | 2.517 | 1.288–4.920 | 0.007 |
| Type of health insurance: through employer vs. military plan | 0.86 | 0.648–1.142 | 0.299 |
| Type of health insurance: personal plan vs. military plan | 1.092 | 0.800–1.492 | 0.579 |
| Type of health insurance: state program vs. military plan | 1.409 | 1.089–1.822 | 0.009 |
| Type of health insurance: another source vs. military plan | 1.638 | 1.160–2.313 | 0.005 |
| Race/ethnicity: Other vs. Black | 1.154 | 0.900–1.481 | 0.259 |
| Race/ethnicity: White vs. Black | 0.833 | 0.714–0.971 | 0.020 |
| Race/ethnicity: Hispanic vs. Black | 1.167 | 0.893–1.526 | 0.258 |
| Age: less than 40 years vs. 40–44 years | 1.126 | 0.801–1.583 | 0.495 |
| Age: 45–49 years vs. 40–44 years | 2.069 | 1.460–2.934 | < 0.0001 |
| Age: 50–54 years vs. 40–44 years | 2.318 | 1.644–3.269 | < 0.0001 |
| Age: 55–59 years vs. 40–44 years | 1.971 | 1.414–2.747 | < 0.0001 |
| Age: 60–64 years vs. 40–44 years | 1.701 | 1.214–2.383 | 0.002 |
| Age: 65–69 years vs. 40–44 years | 1.833 | 1.290–2.604 | 0.001 |
| Age: 70–74 years vs. 40–44 years | 1.752 | 1.224–2.507 | 0.002 |
| Age: 75–79 years vs. 40–44 years | 2.186 | 1.501–3.183 | < 0.0001 |
| Age: 80+ years vs. 40–44 years | 3.604 | 2.514–5.167 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI: normal weight vs. underweight | 1 | 0.678–1.474 | 0.999 |
| BMI: overweight/obese vs. underweight | 0.912 | 0.623–1.334 | 0.634 |
| Language: English vs. Spanish | 0.7 | 0.465–1.055 | 0.088 |
| Region classification: urban vs. rural | 0.87 | 0.756–1.002 | 0.053 |
This includes point estimates (odds ratios), 95% confidence intervals, and p-values.