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. 2024 Jun 10;15:1403764. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403764

Table 1.

List of TLRs, their location and ligands.

TLRs Ligands Expression
TLR2



TLR3
TLR4
TLR5
TLR7
TLR8
TLR9
Triacyl lipopeptide (24), peptidoglycan, lipopeptide, lipoprotein, zymosan (25), HMGB1 (26), HSP60 (27), HSP70 (28), hyaluronan (29)
dsRNA (10), mRNA (30)
LPS (5), HMGB1, HSP60, HSP70, hyaluronan
flagellin (11)
ssRNA (31), siRNA (32)
ssRNA (31), siRNA (32)
unmethylated CpG (15), HMGB1 (33), DNA (34)
Plasma membrane



Endosome
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane
Endosome
Endosome
Endosome