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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2022 Feb 21;29(2):148–158. doi: 10.1017/S1355617722000091

Table 4.

DCTclock hierarchical regression analysis summary

Outcome Step Predictor Variable R 2 ΔR2 B SE (B) 95% CI (B) β sr 2
DCTclock Total Score 1 Age .05 .05 −.79 .35 [−1.48, .10] −.23 .05
Education .18 .95 [−1.71, 2.07] .02 .00
Sexa .37 3.75 [−7.07, 7.82] .01 .00
2 .26*** .205***
SbCI/CN −16.50 5.79 [−27.99, −5.01] −.33** .06
aMCI/CN −13.67 6.58 [−26.72, −.62] −.24* .03
mx-dysMCI/CN −30.63 6.03 [−42.60, −18.66] −.59*** .20
aMCI/SbCI 2.83 6.00 [−9.01, 14.74] .05 .00
mx-dysMCI/SbCI −14.13 5.41 [−24.86, −3.39] −.27* .05
mx-dysMCI/aMCI −16.96 6.01 [−28.89, −5.02] −.33** .06
COM-DE 1 .08* .08*
Education .17 .06 [.05, .29] .27** .07
Sexa .21 .24 [−.27, .69] .04 .01
2 .17** .09*
SbCI/CN −.75 0.40 [−1.54, .05] −.23 .03
aMCI/CN −.58 .45 [−1.47, .31] −.16 .01
mxMCI/CN −1.32 .42 [−2.15, .50] −.39** .09
aMCI/SbCI .16 .41 [−.65, .98] .04 .00
mxMCI/SbCI −.58 .37 [−1.32, .16] −.17 .02
mxMCI/aMCI −.74 .41 [.08, −1.56] −.22 .03
COM-IP 1 .00 .00
Education .03 .04 [−.06, .12] .07 .00
sexa −.09 .18 [−.44, .26] −.05 .00
2 .09 .08*
SbCI/CN −.54 .30 [−1.13, .05] −.24 .03
aMCI/CN −.75 .33 [−1.41, −.08] −.28* .05
mxMCI/CN −.86 .31 [−1.47, −.24] −.35** .07
aMCI/SbCI −.20 .30 [−.81, .40] −.08 .00
mxMCI/SbCI −.31 .28 [−.86, .24] −.13 .01
mxMCI/aMCI −.11 .31 [−.72, .50] −.05 .00
COM-SCM 1 .03 .03
Education .02 .05 [−.07, .11] .05 .00
Sexa .30 .19 [−.07, .66] .16 .03
2 .08 .05
SbCI/CN −.60 .32 [−1.23, .02] −.25 .04
aMCI/CN −.26 .35 [−.96, .44] −.09 .01
mxMCI/CN −.64 .33 [−1.29, .01] −.25 .04
aMCI/SbCI .34 .32 [−.30, .98] .12 .01
mxMCI/SbCI −.04 .29 [−.62, .55] −.01 .00
mxMCI/aMCI −.38 .33 [−1.03, .27] −.15 .01
COM-SR 1 .01 .01
Education .04 .06 [−.07, .15] .07 .00
Sexa −.17 .23 [−.62, .29] −.07 .00
2 .22*** .21***
SbCI/CN −.85 .35 [−1.55, −.15] −.29* .05
aMCI/CN −1.19 .40 [−1.98, −.41] −.35** .07
mxMCI/CN −1.85 .37 [−2.58, −1.12] −.59*** .20
aMCI/SbCI −.35 .36 [−1.06, .37] −.10 .01
mxMCI/SbCI −1.00 .33 [−1.65, −.35] −.32** .08
mxMCI/aMCI −.66 .37 [−1.38, .07] −.21 .03
COPY-DE 1 .01 .01
Education .06 .05 [−.02, .01] .11 .00
Sexa .11 .20 [−.09, .07] .06 .00
2 .12* .10*
SbCI/CN −.68 .33 [.01, .15] .−.26* .06
aMCI/CN −.35 .37 [.10, .26] −.12 .26
mxMCI/CN −1.06 .34 [−.18, −.05] −.39** .07
aMCI/SbCI .33 .34 [−.33, 1.00] .11 .01
mxMCI/SbCI −.38 .31 [−.99, .22] −.14 .01
mxMCI/aMCI −.72 .34 [−1.39, −.04] −.26* .04
COPY-IP 1 .02 .02
Education −.03 .04 [−.11, .05] −.07 .01
Sexa .15 .16 [−.17, .47] .09 .01
2 .11* .10*
SbCI/CN −.61 .27 [−1.14, −.08] −.29* .05
aMCI/CN −.28 .30 [−.87, .31] −.11 .01
mxMCI/CN −.82 .28 [−1.38, −.27] −.37** .08
aMCI/SbCI .27 .27 [−.27, .81] .11 .01
mxMCI/SbCI −.28 .25 [−.77, .21] .−13 .01
mxMCI/aMCI −.55 .28 [−1.10, .00] −.25 .04
COPY-SCM 1 .01 .01
Education .03 .04 [−.06, .12] .06 .00
Sexa −.14 .17 [−.48, .19] −.09 .01
2 .07 .06
SbCI/CN −.61 .29 [−1.17, −.04] −.28* .04
aMCI/CN −.20 .32 [−.84, .44] −.08 .00
mxMCI/CN −.53 .30 [−1.11, .06 −.23 .03
aMCI/SbCI .41 .29 [−.17, .99] .16 .02
mxMCI/SbCI .08 .27 [−.45, .61] .04 .00
mxMCI/aMCI −.33 .30 [−.91, .26] −.14 .01
COPY-SR 1 .00 .00
Education −.03 .05 [−.13, .08] −.05 .00
Sexa −.04 .21 [.86, −.44] −.02 .00
2 .07 .07
SbCI/CN −.12 .35 [−.81, .56] −.05 .00
aMCI/CN .26 .39 [−.51, 1.04] .09 .00
mxMCI/CN −.65 .36 [−1.4, .06] −.23 .03
aMCI/SbCI .39 .36 [−.32, 1.09] .13 .01
mxMCI/SbCI −.53 .32 [−1.17, .11] −.19 .03
mxMCI/aMCI −.91 .36 [−1.63, −20] −.33* .06

Note. n = 105; CI = confidence interval; sr2 = squared semi-partial correlation coefficient;

a

1 = female, 0 = male; DCTclock = total command/copy score; DE = drawing Efficiency; SCM = Simple/Complex Motor Operations; IP = Information Processing; SP = Spatial Reasoning; CN = normal cognition; SbCI = subtle cognitive impairment; aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment; mx/dysMCI = mixed/dysexecutive cognitive impairment.

*

p< .05

**

p< .01

***

p< .001.