4. Adverse effects and deaths.

Study ID	Intervention	No. adverse effects	Types of side effects	No. deaths	Cause of death
Appleton 1999	Vigabatrin	none		none
	Placebo	none		none
Askalan 2003	ACTH	not reported		not reported
	Vigabatrin	not reported		not reported
Baram 1996	ACTH			none
	Prednisone	not reported		none
Chiron 1997	Vigabatrin	none		none
	Hydrocortisone	1	not given	none
Debus 2004	Sulthiame	1	somnolence	none
	Placebo	0		none
Dreifuss 1986	Nitrazepam	none		none
	ACTH	6	1 = meleana, 1 = hypertension, 4 = not given	1	unknown
Dyken 1985	Valproate	not reported		not reported
	Placebo	not reported		not reported
Elterman 2010	Low‐dose vigabatrin	9, unclear which group	not given	2 deaths occurred, unclear which group	one unknown, one due to pulmonary haemorrhage
	High‐dose vigabatrin	9, unclear which group	not given	2 deaths occurred, unclear which group	one unknown, one due to pulmonary haemorrhage
Hrachovy 1983	ACTH	not reported		none
	Prednisone	not reported		none
Hrachovy 1989	Methysergide	none		none
	Methylparatyrosine	none		none
Hrachovy 1994	High‐dose ACTH	not reported		not available
	Low‐dose ACTH	not reported		not available
Lux 2004	Vigabatrin	2	drowsiness and vomiting	3
	Hormonal	2	rash and irritability, vomiting, and high BP	2
Bitton 2012	Flunarizine	not reported	not reported	3	not reported
	Placebo	not reported	not reported	3	not reported
Shu 2009	High‐dose ACTH	93%	not reported	not reported	not reported
	High‐dose ACTH	20%	not reported	not reported	not reported
Tsai 2009	Ganaxolone	more frequent	somnolence, lethargy, and irritability	not reported	not reported
	Placebo	less frequent		not reported	not reported
Vigevano 1997	Vigabatrin	1	excessive irritability and agitation	1 death occurred, unclear which group	unknown
	ACTH	1	not given	1 death occurred, unclear which group	unknown
Yanagaki 1999	High‐dose ACTH	none		none
	Low‐dose ACTH	none		none
Zou 2010	ACTH	16	pyrexia, URTI, diarrhoea, anorexia, hypertension, insomnia, irritability, decreased heart rate with prolonged PR interval.	none
	ACTH + magnesium sulphate	10	pyrexia, URTI, diarrhoea, anorexia, vomiting	none