Table 3.
Pathogen distribution between AE-COPD patients with and without pneumonia
Pathogens | Multiplex real-time PCR | Bacterial culture | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AE-COPD with pneumonia (N = 92) |
AE-COPD only (N = 46) |
AE-COPD with pneumonia (N = 92) |
AE-COPD only (N = 46) |
AE-COPD with pneumonia (N = 92) |
AE-COPD only (N = 46) |
|
Gram-negative bacteria | ||||||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 49 (53.26) | 24 (52.17) | 10 (10.87) | 6 (13.04) | 51 (55.43) | 26 (56.52) |
Haemophilus influenzae | 18 (19.57) | 4 (8.70) | 2 (2.17) | 0 (0) | 18 (19.57) | 4 (8.70) |
Moraxella catarrhalis | 7 (7.61) | 3 (6.52) | 8 (8.70) | 9 (19.57) | 8 (8.70) | 9 (19.57) |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.60) | 3 (6.52) | 7 (7.61) | 3 (6.52) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) |
Escherichia coli | ND | ND | 4 (4.35) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.35) | 0 (0) |
Stenotrophonas metophilia | ND | ND | 2 (2.17) | 1 (2.17) | 2 (2.17) | 1 (2.17) |
Enterobacter aerogenes | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) |
Klebsiella oxytoca | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Brevundimonas vesicularis | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Acinetobacter ursingii | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Achromobacter xylosoxidans | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Elizabethkingia anophelis | ND | ND | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) |
Acinetobacter pittii | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Acinetobacter nosocomialis | ND | ND | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) |
Acinetobacter junii | ND | ND | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) |
Klebsiella oxytoca | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Brevundimonas vesicularis | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Gram-positive bacteria | ||||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 16 (17.39) | 7 (15.22) | 2 (2.17) | 0 (0) | 16 (17.39) | 7 (15.22) |
Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.17) | 0 (0) |
Streptococcus mitis | ND | ND | 3 (3.26) | 5 (10.87) | 3 (3.26) | 5 (10.87) |
Streptococcus salivarius | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) | 1 (1.09) | 1 (2.17) |
Streptococcus constellatus | ND | ND | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.09) | 0 (0) |
Atypical bacteria | ||||||
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 3 (3.26) | 1 (2.17) | ND | ND | 3 (3.26) | 1 (2.17) |
Legionella pneumophila | 3 (3.26) | 1 (2.17) | ND | ND | 3 (3.26) | 1 (2.17) |
Virus | ||||||
Influenza A/B virus | 5 (5.43) | 3 (6.52) | ND | ND | 5 (5.43) | 3 (6.52) |
The values are given as numbers (%)
p > 0.05 between these two groups
AE-COPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ND, not determined