Table 1.

Factors linked with worse social cognition and prosociality across studies

	Key findings	Refs
Lower objective social class	Associations between lower subjective social class and better social cognition/prosociality usually do not hold when using objective measures.	[4,7]
	Lower education, childhood family income, parental education, and socioeconomic status are associated with diminished social cognition (emotion perception and mentalizing).	[4–6]
	Lower income, education, occupational prestige, neighborhood deprivation, and economic inequality are associated with reduced prosociality (e.g., helping, trust).	[7]
Population diversity	Associations between lower social class and better social cognition and prosociality typically found in homogeneous samples do not generalize to more extensive, diverse, and international samples.	[4,7]
	Studies using samples from under-represented developing nations (e.g., Argentina, Brazil, Colombia) link socioeconomic disparities with worse social cognition.	[5,6]