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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hum Mov Sci. 2024 Jan 9;93:103175. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103175

Table 2. Average stride length, gait speed, and LDLJ during each of the five stride locations and averaged across the three trials during the grass and rocks conditions in YA and OA.

Values are Mean(SD).

Approach Pre-
Transition
Transition Post-
Transition
Uneven Stride
Location p
value
(F-test)
Group p
value
(F test)
Group*Stride
Location p
value
(F Test)
Grass
Stride Length (m)
 YA 1.39(0.12) 1.38(0.13) 1.38(0.14) 1.41(0.13) 1.40(0.14) 0.02 * 0.03 * < 0.001 *
 OA 1.30(0.15) 1.29(0.16) 1.28(0.18) 1.25(0.18) 1.25(0.19)
Gait Speed (m/s)
 YA 1.28(0.12) 1.28(0.14) 1.25(0.14) 1.25(0.14) 1.24(0.13) < 0.001 * 0.10 < 0.001 *
 OA 1.21(0.20) 1.17(0.20) 1.16(0.23) 1.11(0.22) 1.11(0.22)
LDLJ – AP (no units)
 YA −4.98(0.57) −5.08(0.67) −4.83(0.55) −4.79(0.55) −4.72(0.49) < 0.001 * < 0.001 * < 0.001 *
 OA −4.39(0.46) −4.42(0.46) −4.37(0.39) −4.37(0.32) −4.38(0.38)
LDLJ – ML (no units)
 YA −4.57(0.26) −4.62(0.40) −4.60(0.30) −4.59(0.27) −4.59(0.31) 0.80 0.35 0.58
 OA −4.49(0.32) −4.46(0.27) −4.46(0.39) −4.47(0.33) −4.48(0.34)
LDLJ – VT (no units)
 YA −2.48(0.27) −2.53(0.30) −2.54(0.26) −2.55(0.22) −2.51(0.24) 0.02 * 0.61 0.09
 OA −2.47(0.29) −2.48(0.29) −2.44(0.31) −2.47(0.33) −2.46(0.29)
Rocks
Stride Length (m)
 YA 1.38(0.13) 1.38(0.14) 1.36(0.13) 1.36(0.15) 1.37(0.14) 0.35 0.01 * 0.008 *
 OA 1.29(0.15) 1.28(0.16) 1.24(0.18) 1.23(0.19) 1.24(0.19)
Gait Speed (m/s)
 YA 1.27(0.14) 1.25(0.16) 1.21(0.16) 1.24(0.16) 1.24(0.15) < 0.001 * 0.13 0.006 *
 OA 1.19(0.20) 1.15(0.21) 1.09(0.26) 1.12(0.26) 1.11(0.23)
LDLJ – AP (no units)
 YA −4.96(0.61) −5.08(0.60) −5.12(0.63) −5.17(0.69) −5.13(0.61) < 0.001 * < 0.001 * 0.002 *
 OA −4.43(0.43) −4.40(0.42) −4.64(0.40) −4.67(0.38) −4.67(0.43)
LDLJ – ML (no units)
 YA −4.60(0.35) −4.68(0.40) −4.68(0.35) −4.77(0.32) −4.76(0.39) < 0.001 * 0.04 * 0.02 *
 OA −4.44(0.32) −4.45(0.34) −4.60(0.36) −4.68(0.35) −4.61(0.34)
LDLJ – VT (no units)
 YA −2.52(0.30) −2.55(0.31) −2.77(0.29) −2.82(0.26) −2.80(0.23) < 0.001 * 0.79 0.80
 OA −2.45(0.28) −2.46(0.30) −2.67(0.34) −2.73(0.31) −2.74(0.28)

Note. Significant p-values are bolded and denoted with an *.