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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Nurs. 2021 Dec 31;46(1):3–13. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000001052

Table 3 •.

Sample Financial Hardship Data

Characteristics n (%)

Household income, yearly, before taxes (n = 75)a
 <$20 000 (below or near poverty) 26 (34.7)
 $20 000–$39 999 (low income) 15 (20.0)
 $40 000–$99 999 (middle class) 12 (16.0)
 $100 000–$149 999 (upper middle class) 5 (6.7)
 >$150 000 (high income) 5 (6.7)
 Unknown 2 (2.7)
 Prefer not to answer 10 (13.3)
How difficult is it to pay for your basic needs? (n = 74)
 Not at all difficult 22 (28.2)
 Somewhat difficult 43 (55.1)
 Extremely difficult 9(11.5)
Have you been unable to cover your share of cost of cancer care? Yes (n = 74) 27 (36.5)
Have you or anyone in your family had to borrow money or go into debt because of cancer? (n = 74)
 Yes 21 (28.4)
 No 53 (71.6)
 If yes to cancer debt, how much? (n = 21)
  <$10 000 11 (52.4)
  $10 000–$24 999 6 (28.6)
  $25 000–$49 999 2 (9.5)
  $50 000–$74 999 2 (9.5)
Financial hardship, COST measure (n = 75), median (IQR), range 15.0 (9.0–23.0), 0–44
Mean (SD) = 16.8 (10.1)
Since first cancer diagnosis, has any doctor or healthcare provider discussed with you your cost of OOP cancer care? (n = 72)
 Discussed it with me in detail 3 (4.2)
 Briefly discussed it with me 15 (20.8)
 Did not discuss it at all 49 (68.1)
 I don’t remember 5 (6.9)

Abbreviations: COST, Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity; IQR, interquartile range; OOP, out-of-pocket.

a

Income categorization is based on the rounded average US household size of 3, which was consistent with our sample mean household size of 2.6.