Skip to main content
. 2024 Apr 25;17(6):sfae130. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae130

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Possibilities of application of biomarkers in research across the exposure–prognosis series. Internal dose (the quantity of the toxic exposure, be it an endogenous factor such as hyperglycaemia, or external factors such as air pollutants) may predict the clinical disease and prognosis. Each element of the exposure–prognosis pathway can be analysed in the relationship to the other elements. In all, there are 21 possibilities.