Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for hip and/or knee pain and arthritis

	Pain a		Arthritis b
Risk Factor	OR	P value	OR	P value
History of hip/knee surgery	1.50 (1.20-1.87)	<0.01*	5.85 (4.33-7.92)	<0.01*
Age, per year	0.99 (0.98-0.99)	<0.1*	1.08 (1.06-1.10)	<0.01*
History of hip/knee injury that prevented running	3.30 (2.85-3.83)	<0.01*	5.04 (3.45-7.34)	<0.01*
Family history of hip/knee arthritis	1.16 (0.98-1.37)	0.12	3.47 (2.52-4.79)	<0.01*
BMI, per kg/m2	1.02 (0.99-1.05)	0.05	1.10 (1.05-1.15)	<0.01*
Pace for training runs, per minute/mile	1.04 (0.98-1.10)	0.19	0.88 (0.79-0.99)	0.03
Female sex, compared with men	1.43 (1.20-1.70)	<0.01*	1.41 (0.99-2.01)	0.08
Participation in other sports	1.04 (0.90-1.21)	0.59	0.87 (0.64-1.17)	0.35
Weekly mileage, per mile	0.99 (0.98-0.99)	<0.01*	0.99 (0.98-1.01)	0.36
No. of marathons, per marathon	0.99 (0.98-0.99)	<0.01*	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.56
Duration of running, per year	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.64	1.00 (0.98-1.01)	0.66
Cross training	0.88 (0.74-1.04)	0.14	0.98 (0.69-1.40)	0.91

BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio.

^aHistory of hip and/or knee pain within the past year that prevented running.

^bHistory of hip and/or knee arthritis.

^*Significant after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.01).