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. 2024 Jun 24;13:e90943. doi: 10.7554/eLife.90943

Figure 3. The vaginal immunoproteome of women with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) displays a pro-inflammatory profile.

Linear mixed effects modeling adjusted for gestational age at sampling, body mass index (BMI), parity, and history of preterm birth was used to compare the concentrations of proteins between groups. Violin plots showing the concentrations of (A) IL-6, (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-16, (D) CXCL8 (HA), (E) TNF, and (F) IFN-γ. Violin plots for early spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes (sPTL) and early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) contain data <34 weeks, all other violin plots contain data <37 weeks. Light blue = controls, red = all sPTB, orange = sPTL, purple = PPROM, light orange = early sPTL (gestational age at delivery <34 weeks), dark orange = late sPTL (gestational age at delivery 34–36+6 weeks), light purple = early PPROM (gestational age at delivery <34 weeks), dark purple = late PPROM (gestational age at delivery 34–36+6 weeks). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Figure 3—source data 1. Pro-inflammatory immune mediator concentration differences between term and sPTB cases with and without adjustment for maternal characteristics, between term, sPTL, and PPROM cases, and between term, early sPTL, late sPTL, early PPROM, and late PPROM cases.
Red text values in cells indicate significance of the immune mediator both before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics. Gray highlighted cells indicate significance for immune mediators without adjustment for maternal characteristics. Yellow highlighted cells indicate significance of the immune mediator for the etiology of preterm birth and the gestational age period at delivery.

Figure 3.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1. Specific pro-inflammatory cytokines in the vaginal fluid are unaltered with birth outcome.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1.

Linear mixed effects modeling adjusted for gestational age at sampling, body mass index (BMI), parity, and history of preterm birth was used to compare the concentrations of proteins between groups. Violin plots showing the concentrations of (A) CXCL8, (B) IL-1α, and (C) LT-α. Violin plots for early spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes (sPTL) and early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) contain data <34 weeks, all other violin plots contain data <37 weeks. Light blue = controls, red = all spontaneous preterm births (sPTB), orange = sPTL, purple = PPROM, light orange = early sPTL (gestational age at delivery <34 weeks), dark orange = late sPTL (gestational age at delivery 34–36+6 weeks), light purple = early PPROM (gestational age at delivery <34 weeks), dark purple = late PPROM (gestational age at delivery 34–36+6 weeks).