Table 2 Interventions for type B aortic dissection by indication and timing.

Disease stage (from onset)	Hyperacute phase (≤48 hr)	Acute phase (≤14 D)		Subacute phase (≤3 M)		Early chronic phase (<12 M)		Chronic phase (≥1 yr)
Indication	Malperfusion and rupture (impending rupture)	Refractory hypertension, recurrent and persistent thoracodorsal pain, and large aortic diameter (≥40 mm)			Hemorrhagic pleural effusion, malperfusion on imaging, re-hospitalization, entry on the lesser curvature side, false lumen diameter >22 mm			False lumen dilatation and aneurysm formation
Definition before 2000	Complicated	Uncomplicated
IRAD definition (broad sense)	Complicated				Uncomplicated
SVS/STS reporting standard	Complicated	(Uncomplicated) high-risk feature						N/A
Invasive treatment	1st: TEVAR (if TEVAR is not possible, then fenestration is permitted for malperfusion)	TEVAR						1st: graft replacement
	If endovascular treatment is not possible or ineffective, open surgery (graft replacement or fenestration)							If graft replacement is not possible or high risk, then TEVAR

IRAD: International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection; SVS: Society for Vascular Surgery; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; N/A: not applicable; TEVAR: thoracic endovascular aortic repair