Table 5.
Prevalence of chemical elements and vitamins intake insufficiency among vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores.
| Vegans % (n) | Lacto-ovo-vegetarians % (n) |
Omnivores % (n) |
Recommended consumption in Russia (61) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 7% (3)1,4 | 29% (11)5 | 77% (34) | 3,500 mg/day |
| Mg | 13% (6)2,3 | 66% (25)6 | 91% (40) | 420 mg/day |
| Ca | 65% (30) | 74% (28)5 | 89% (39) | 1,000 mg/day |
| P | 9% (4) | 21% (8) | 7% (3) | 700 mg/day |
| Zn | 83% (38) | 97% (37) | 82% (36) | 12.0 mg/day |
| Cu | 4% (2)4 | 21% (8) | 34% (15) | 1.0 mg/day |
| Mn | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 2.0 mg/day |
| D | 100% (46) | 100% (38) | 100% (44) | 15.0 μg/day |
| B6 | 17% (8)2,4 | 68% (26)5 | 86% (38) | 2.0 mg/day |
| B9 | 24% (11)2,4 | 71% (27)5 | 88% (39) | 400 μg/day |
| B12 | 100% (46)4 | 100% (38)6 | 70% (31) | 3.0 μg/day |
| C | 0% (0)1,3 | 16% (6) | 25% (11) | 100 mg/day |
| RE | 30% (14)1,4 | 76% (29) | 73% (32) | 900 μg/day |
1vs. lacto-ovo-vegetarians, p < 0.05; 2vs. lacto-ovo-vegetarians, p < 0.001; 3vs. omnivores, p < 0.05; 4vs. omnivores, p < 0.001; 5vs. omnivores, p < 0.05; 6vs. omnivores p < 0.001; RE, retinol equivalent.