TABLE 2.

Metabolites concordantly associated with the Healthy Purchasing Score (HPS) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-15) scores in multivariable analyses (n = 470 participants).

	HPS		HEI-15
Metabolite1	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value
Nervonic acid [3-NPH]	0.26 (0.16, 0.35)	1.48 × 10−7	0.15 (0.06, 0.24)	1.49 ×10−3
Uracil	0.18 (0.09, 0.28)	1.68 ×10−4	0.10 (0.01, 0.19)	3.84 ×10−2
Pyroglutamic acid	0.17 (0.08, 0.26)	4.44 ×10−4	0.11 (0.01, 0.20)	2.29 ×10−2
Indole-3-propionic acid [3-NPH]	0.16 (0.07, 0.26)	7.32 ×10−4	0.16 (0.07, 0.25)	6.79 ×10−4
Indole-3-propionic acid	0.15 (0.06, 0.25)	1.49 ×10−3	0.19 (0.10, 0.28)	5.68 ×10−5
Lignoceric acid [3-NPH]	0.15 (0.05, 0.24)	2.21 ×10−3	0.12 (0.03, 0.21)	1.16 ×10−2
Sarcosine	−0.14 (−0.23, −0.04)	4.36 × 10−3	−0.10 (−0.19, 0.00)	3.98 × 10−2
Proline	−0.13 (−0.23, −0.04)	5.79 × 10−3	−0.11 (−0.20, −0.02)	1.97 × 10−2
Indoxyl sulfate	−0.13 (−0.23, −0.03)	8.21 × 10−3	−0.12 (−0.22, −0.03)	8.50 × 10−3
Oxalic acid	0.13 (0.03, 0.23)	8.42 × 10−3	0.11 (0.01, 0.20)	2.60 × 10−2
Ureidopropionic acid [3-NPH]	0.12 (0.03, 0.22)	1.15 × 10−2	0.10 (0.01, 0.19)	2.78 × 10−2
2-Aminoadipic acid	−0.12 (−0.22, −0.02)	1.37 × 10−2	−0.12 (−0.21, −0.03)	1.12 × 10−2
Hippuric acid	0.11 (0.02, 0.21)	1.97 × 10−2	0.10 (0.01, 0.19)	3.14 × 10−2
N-monomethylarginine	0.11 (0.02, 0.20)	1.98 × 10−2	0.15 (0.06, 0.24)	8.31 × 10−4

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

¹β-Coefficients represent the change in SDs of the normalized level of each metabolite per standard deviation increase in the weighted proportion of healthy purchases or HEI-15 scores. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender, and race. Metabolites shown were associated with the HPS at a false discovery rate < 0.10 and concordantly associated with HEI-15 scores. Metabolites profiled using a 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH) derivatization-based method rather than an amide-based (derivatization-free) method are indicated in brackets.