Table 1.
Summary statistics for study variables.
| No. | Percentage (unweighted) | Percentage (weighted) | SD (weighted) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routinely worked with PA(s) (prevalence) | 5882 | 43 | 43 | 0.49 |
| Routinely worked with NP(s) (prevalence) | 5853 | 47 | 46 | 0.50 |
| Gendera | ||||
| Women | 1792 | 30 | 37 | 0.48 |
| Men | 4085 | 69 | 63 | 0.48 |
| Other | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| White | 5917 | 65 | 67 | 0.47 |
| African American/Black | 5917 | 3 | 2 | 0.15 |
| Asian | 5917 | 25 | 26 | 0.44 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 5917 | 4 | 3 | 0.18 |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 5917 | 1 | 1 | 0.07 |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 5917 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
| Other race and ethnicity | 5917 | 2 | 2 | 0.15 |
| Employer type (multiple selections) | ||||
| Employee | 5914 | 65 | 64 | 0.48 |
| Owner | 5914 | 25 | 26 | 0.44 |
| Independent contractor | 5914 | 9 | 09 | 0.28 |
| Other | 5914 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 |
| Specialty group | ||||
| Medical specialties | 5917 | 21 | 17 | 0.38 |
| Primary care | 5917 | 32 | 31 | 0.46 |
| Surgery | 5917 | 19 | 18 | 0.39 |
| Other | 5917 | 28 | 33 | 0.47 |
| Working full-time | 5917 | 83 | 82 | 0.38 |
| Practice setting (multiple selections) | ||||
| Medical school | 5917 | 6 | 7 | 0.25 |
| Teaching hospital | 5917 | 19 | 17 | 0.37 |
| Non-teaching hospital | 5917 | 7 | 7 | 0.25 |
| Group practice | 5917 | 20 | 20 | 0.40 |
| Government facility | 5917 | 3 | 3 | 0.18 |
| Health care system | 5917 | 15 | 16 | 0.36 |
| Private practice—solo | 5917 | 9 | 10 | 0.30 |
| Locum tenens | 5917 | 2 | 2 | 0.14 |
| Private practice—single specialty group | 5917 | 22 | 21 | 0.41 |
| Private practice—multi-specialty group | 5917 | 8 | 9 | 0.28 |
| Other setting | 5917 | 3 | 2 | 0.15 |
| International medical graduate | 5917 | 15 | 19 | 0.39 |
| High-rural serving | 5831 | 16 | 15 | 0.36 |
| No. | Mean (unweighted) | Mean (weighted) | SD (weighted) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of PAs routinely worked with | 2551 | 7.62 | 7.68 | 16.76 |
| Number of NPs routinely worked with | 2775 | 6.05 | 5.74 | 12.93 |
| Age | 5917 | 52.00 | 53.88 | 10.84 |
| PA scope of practice (1 = most restrictive to 3 = most permissive) | 5864 | 1.97 | 1.96 | 0.75 |
| NP scope of practice (1 = most restrictive to 3 = most permissive) | 5864 | 1.91 | 1.90 | 0.84 |
| Proportion of women in specialty | 5771 | 36.07 | 36.27 | 14.73 |
| Annual income (categorized 1—11) | 5862 | 6.21 | 6.25 | 2.70 |
Abbreviations: AAMC, Association of American Medical Colleges; NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant.
Source: National Sample Survey of Physicians 2022, AAMC. Weight adjusted.
aFor Gender, “Women” includes trans-women, “Men” includes trans-men, and “Other” includes agender, genderqueer, nonbinary and other.