Table 7.

Previous studies using radiomic features or deep learning for COPD severity staging

Reference	ROI for feature extraction	Method	Class	ACC (%)	AUC (%)
Li et al. [37]	Randomly select 2D ROI and 3D VOI	LR; SVM	2	76.3%	79.7%
Makimoto et al. [23]	Whole lung	Linear -SVM	2	-	78.0%
Yang et al. [44]	Whole lung	MLP	4	80.0%	94.0%
Puchakayala et al. [24]	Whole lung	CatBoost	2	-	90.0%
Gonzalez et al. [45]	-	CNN	4	51.1%	-
Sun et al. [46]	-	MIL	4	76.4%	91.2%