Fig. 1.

Share of patients reporting receipt of disrespectful treatment and share reporting overall dissatisfaction with care, by caste, Odisha, India, 2020

Notes: the proposed value-based purchasing programme in India sets an initial threshold of 85% satisfaction (15% dissatisfaction). We combined the four most negative response options (of 10) to generate a combined negative rating. We used this interpretation of dissatisfaction because the satisfaction ratings in India’s proposed value-based purchasing programme will be evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale of which the two least favourable responses will be combined to a negative rating. Difference is assessed with a two-sided t-test comparing to the base group, individuals with no historically marginalized designation.