Table 4. Effects on health system performance noted in systematic review of multisectoral interventions for health .
| Description of effects | No. of studies (%) (n = 62) |
|---|---|
| Intermediate objective: access and service delivery a | |
| Improved access to health services, such as screening for early developmental delay, preventive measures, maternal and child health services, mental health services | 18 (29.0) |
| Improved collaboration across health services and delivery | 7 (11.3) |
| Improved service availability and readiness for addressing zoonotic diseases, enhanced staff skills in the provision of maternal and child health, pandemic preparedness | 6 (9.7) |
| Improved acceptability of services | 8 (12.9) |
| Improved affordability of services | 8 (12.9) |
| Improved adequacy of funding | 3 (4.8) |
| Improving safety and quality of health services | 1 (1.6) |
| Improved efficiency of service | 1 (1.6) |
| Intermediate objective: enabling environment for promoting access to servicesa | |
| Improved enabling of environments for health (e.g. improved social economic conditions, improved Gini Index, school enrolments, increased productivity, stable family income, food security, addressing maternal health determinants) | 25 (40.3) |
| Strengthening support systems for health by leveraging expertise and capacity from allied sectors, commitment from stakeholders for health, policy processes that support health | 16 (25.8) |
| Ultimate health system goalsa | |
| Improved access equity for developmental screening, other health services (tuberculosis, nutrition, vaccination, access to healthy food, social equity), addressing barriers of a low-resource setting, allowing equitable access for mental health care | 28 (45.2) |
| Improved health outcomes such as treatment success for developmental disorders, reduced hospitalization or mortality, reduced morbidity (from malnutrition or infections, tuberculosis incidence), improved quality of life from ministerial perspective (number of disability-adjusted life years averted), maternal mortality, tuberculosis treatment compliance | 26 (41.9) |
| Improving fair financing and financial risk protection for vulnerable populations (e.g. reducing out-of-pocket payments for rural communities) | 1 (1.6) |
| Supporting community participation and/or capacity (e.g. for maternal and child health services, mental health care, co-design or bottom-up approaches) | 8 (12.9) |
| Reported harms or unintended consequences such as increasing rural and urban digital health divide, reduced economic benefit from donor’s perspective, bureaucratic barriers because of multiple governance levels | 3 (4.8) |
a Some studies may have more than one objective or health system goal.