Fig. 3.

Injected TiO₂nanoparticles alter the local immune microenvironment. (a) t-stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) visualisation of FACS of cells collected from mice with and without injection of TiO₂ NPs. (b) Cell composition of the tissue surrounding the injection site. (c) Heatmap of the top 50 differentially expressed genes in macrophages. (d) t-SNE map of 4 differential inflammatory marker genes in the mononuclear phagocyte system. (e) Expression levels of genes associated with immune suppression in macrophages. (f and g) Violin plots of expression of Nlrp3 (f) and Pdcd1 (g) in macrophages. (h) GO enrichment scatterplot and (i) KEGG enrichment scatterplot of macrophages. (j) Violin plots showing differentially expressed genes associated with immune suppression in neutrophils. (k) t-SNE map of S100a8 and S100a9 gene expression. (l) GO enrichment scatterplot and (m) KEGG enrichment scatterplot in neutrophils. (n) t-SNE map of differential expression of marker genes in fibroblasts. (o) Heat map of the differentially expressed genes associated with T cell exhaustion. (p) GO enrichment scatterplot and (q) KEGG enrichment scatterplot in neutrophils (n=3).