Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics for Treatment Cohorts Before Matching and After Matching
| Before Matching |
After Matching |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sacubitril/Valsartan (n = 13,257) | ACE Inhibitor or ARB (n = 151,785) | SMD | Sacubitril/Valsartan (n = 11,313) | ACE Inhibitor or ARB (n = 11,313) | SMD | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | 65.1 ± 13.7 | 67.7 ± 14.2 | 0.187 | 65.2 ± 13.7 | 65.2 ± 14.6 | 0.003 |
| Male | 8,834 (66.6) | 91,208 (60.9) | 0.136 | 7,501 (66.3) | 7,606 (66.1) | 0.005 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 8,949 (67.5) | 97,232 (64.1) | 0.073 | 7,651 (67.6) | 7,606 (67.2) | 0.009 |
| Black | 2,803 (21.1) | 34,912 (23.0) | 0.045 | 2,441 (21.6) | 2,490 (22.0) | 0.011 |
| Asian | 156 (1.2) | 1,645 (1.1) | 0.009 | 126 (1.1) | 139 (1.2) | 0.011 |
| Hispanic | 531 (4.0) | 10,207 (6.7) | 0.121 | 447 (4.0) | 424 (3.7) | 0.011 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.8 ± 6.9 | 30.1 ± 7.2 | 0.099 | 30.8 ± 6.9 | 30.7 ± 7.3 | 0.022 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 10,694 (80.7) | 128,277 (84.5) | 0.102 | 9,316 (82.3) | 9,336 (82.5) | 0.005 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 9,247 (69.7) | 99,572 (65.6) | 0.089 | 8,039 (71.1) | 8,003 (70.7) | 0.007 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 5,599 (42.2) | 63,009 (41.5) | 0.015 | 4,887 (43.2) | 4,857 (42.9) | 0.005 |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 3,000 (22.6) | 33,678 (22.2) | 0.011 | 2,736 (24.2) | 2,750 (24.3) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidemia | 9,128 (68.9) | 104,598 (68.9) | 0.001 | 7,967 (70.4) | 7,996 (70.7) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5,776 (43.6) | 69,723 (45.9) | 0.047 | 5,081 (44.9) | 5,169 (45.7) | 0.016 |
| Respiratory diseases | 8,311 (62.7) | 105,799 (69.7) | 0.149 | 7,427 (65.7) | 7,401 (65.4) | 0.005 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 2,660 (20.1) | 38,042 (25.1) | 0.120 | 2,369 (20.9) | 2,358 (20.8) | 0.002 |
| Nicotine dependence | 2,410 (18.2) | 32,193 (21.2) | 0.076 | 2,174 (19.2) | 2,107 (18.6) | 0.015 |
| Other arterial disease | 3,277 (24.7) | 39,075 (25.7) | 0.024 | 2,994 (26.5) | 3,039 (26.9) | 0.009 |
| Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders | 6,064 (45.7) | 79,638 (52.5) | 0.135 | 5,404 (47.8) | 5,404 (47.8) | 0.000 |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Aspirin | 8,177 (61.7) | 94,957 (62.6) | 0.018 | 7,022 (62.1) | 6,884 (60.9) | 0.025 |
| Beta-blockers | 11,205 (84.5) | 119,509 (78.7) | 0.150 | 9,452 (83.6) | 9,415 (83.2) | 0.009 |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 4,237 (32.0) | 62,618 (41.3) | 0.194 | 3,780 (33.4) | 3,798 (33.6) | 0.003 |
| Diuretics | 10,877 (82.0) | 114,766 (75.6) | 0.158 | 9,274 (82.0) | 9,254 (81.8) | 0.005 |
| Antilipemic agents | 8,908 (67.2) | 99,904 (65.8) | 0.029 | 7,583 (67.0) | 7,574 (67.0) | 0.002 |
| Previous use of ACEI | 6,931 (52.3) | 80,194 (52.8) | 0.011 | 6,329 (55.9) | 6,265 (55.4) | 0.011 |
| Previous use of ARB | 5,761 (43.5) | 37,115 (24.5) | 0.410 | 3,824 (33.8) | 3,796 (33.5) | 0.005 |
| Vitamins | 5,020 (37.9) | 66,421 (43.8) | 0.120 | 4,339 (38.4) | 4,281 (37.8) | 0.011 |
| Herbs and alternative therapy | 2,531 (19.1) | 31,503 (20.8) | 0.042 | 2,239 (19.8) | 2,246 (19.9) | 0.002 |
| Vital signs | ||||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 120 ± 19 | 127 ± 22 | 0.288 | 121 ± 20 | 123 ± 22 | 0.111 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71 ± 13 | 72 ± 14 | 0.062 | 71 ± 13 | 71 ± 14 | 0.006 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 76 ± 15 | 77 ± 16 | 0.019 | 76 ± 15 | 76 ± 16 | 0.011 |
| Respiratory rate, beats/min | 17 ± 14 | 17 ± 84 | 0.004 | 17 ± 16 | 16 ± 12 | 0.034 |
| Laboratory | ||||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 4,535 ± 7,558 | 5,354 ± 9,602 | 0.095 | 4,702 ± 7,709 | 4,551 ± 8,602 | 0.019 |
| Total cholesterol, md/dL | 151 ± 46 | 156 ± 47 | 0.114 | 150 ± 46 | 153 ± 45 | 0.059 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.9 ± 2.0 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 0.060 | 6.9 ± 2.0 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 0.017 |
| TSH, units/volume | 2.9 ± 14.1 | 2.8 ± 10.7 | 0.007 | 2.7 ± 4.7 | 2.7 ± 4.6 | 0.001 |
| Iron, mcg/dL | 61.6 ± 39.8 | 57.2 ± 41.6 | 0.108 | 60.7 ± 39.1 | 58.4 ± 44.2 | 0.054 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 245 ± 500 | 329 ± 1,249 | 0.088 | 248 ± 517 | 285 ± 532 | 0.070 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 23.5 ± 12.9 | 23.7 ± 14.3 | 0.011 | 23.7 ± 13.2 | 23.7 ± 14 | 0.003 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.28 ± 1.03 | 1.47 ± 1.98 | 0.119 | 1.29 ± 1.06 | 1.41 ± 1.48 | 0.097 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP = blood pressure; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SMD = standardized mean difference; TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone.