Table 4.
Obesity and polyphenols.
| Obesity and polyphenols | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors, year | Study design | Location | Interventions vs. control | Baseline characteristics of the participants | Post treatment characteristics of the participants | Results p-value |
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| Kirch et al. (30) | RCT | Germany | Intervention (n) = 23 25 mg-epicatechin for 2 weeks |
Wt = 103.0 ± 3.8 BMI = 32.8 ± 0.8 Triglycerides = 2.22 ± 0.19 Total cholesterol = 5.92 ± 0.14 LDL cholesterol = 3.80 ± 0.12 HDL cholesterol = 1.35 ± 0.06 HOMA-IR = 2.83 (2.00, 4.27) Glucose = 5.72 (5.38, 6.00) |
Wt = 102.8 ± 3.8 BMI = 32.7 ± 0.8 Triglycerides = 2.231 ± 0.27 Total cholesterol = 5.73 ± 0.15 LDL cholesterol = 3.76 ± 0.13 HDL cholesterol = 1.28 ± 0.06 HOMA-IR = 2.88 (1.90, 4.39) Glucose = 5.61 (5.22, 6.11) |
Daily intake of 25 mg of pure (−)-epicatechin for 2 wk. does not reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight-to-obese adults (p > 0.5). There were no significant changes in the parameters of glucose metabolism (glucose, HOMA-IR). | |||
| Control (n) = 24 Placebo for 2 weeks |
Wt = 103.2 ± 3.8 BMI = 32.8 ± 0.8 Triglycerides = 2.11 ± 0.17 Total cholesterol = 5.94 ± 0.14 LDL cholesterol = 3.86 ± 0.11 HDL cholesterol = 1.33 ± 0.06 HOMA-IR = 2.86 (1.93, 4.15) Glucose = 5.66 (5.33, 6.11) |
Wt = 102.9 ± 3.7 BMI = 32.8 ± 0.8 Triglycerides = 2.24 ± 0.19 Total cholesterol = 5.71 ± 0.16 LDL cholesterol = 3.68 ± 0.12 HDL cholesterol = 1.30 ± 0.06 HOMA-IR = 2.94 (1.82, 4.08) Glucose = 5.55 (5.27, 6.11) |
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| Paquette et al. (31) | RCT | Canada | Intervention (n) = 20 333 mg strawberry and cranberry polyphenols beverage /day for 6 weeks |
Wt = 85 ± 3 BMI = 31 ± 1 Triglycerides = 2.03 ± 0.24 Total cholesterol = 5.70 ± 0.17 LDL cholesterol = 3.52 ± 0.17 HDL cholesterol = 1.25 ± 0.05 |
Wt = − BMI = − Triglycerides = 1.82 ± 0.21 Total cholesterol = 5.60 ± 0.19 LDL cholesterol = 3.51 ± 0.17 HDL cholesterol = 1.26 ± 0.06 |
No differences in changes from baseline (Post v. Pre) for total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol or TAG were observed within each group or between the two groups | |||
| Control (n) = 21 Placebo for 6 weeks |
Wt = 85 ± 3 BMI = 31 ± 1 Triglycerides = 1.73 ± 0.26 Total cholesterol = 5.37 ± 0.22 LDL cholesterol = 3.20 ± 0.15 HDL cholesterol = 1.33 ± 0.05 |
Wt = − BMI = − Triglycerides = 1.56 ± 0.18 Total cholesterol = 5.45 ± 0.20 LDL cholesterol = 3.37 ± 0.17 HDL cholesterol = 1.37 ± 0.06 |
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| Stendell-Hollis et al. (32) | RCT | USA | Intervention (n) = 23 240 mL green tea four times daily for 6 months |
Wt = 81.9 ± 15.3 BMI = 31.0 ± 4.3 Triglycerides = 1.8 ± 1.0 Total cholesterol = 5.9 ± 1.0 LDL cholesterol = 3.8 ± 0.9 HDL cholesterol = 1.3 ± 0.39 HOMA-IR = 6.9 (7.4) Glucose = 6.5 (1.3) |
Wt = 80.7 ± 14.9 BMI = 30.5 ± 4.2 Triglycerides = 1.6 ± 2.1 Total cholesterol = 5.6 ± 1.0 LDL cholesterol = 3.4 ± 1.1 HDL cholesterol = 1.4 ± 0.4 HOMA-IR = 5.8 (3.4) Glucose = 5.6 (1.0) |
After 6 months, there were no significant changes in weight, BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, glucose and HOMA-IR between the two groups (p > 0.5) | |||
| Control (n) = 16 Placebo tea for 6 months |
Wt = 77.8 ± 9.8 BMI = 28.7 ± 3.8 Triglycerides = 1.7 ± 0.9 Total cholesterol = 6.9 ± 1.3 LDL cholesterol = 4.7 ± 1.1 HDL cholesterol = 1.4 ± 0.4 HOMA-IR = 4.1 (1.6) Glucose = 7.0 (1.2) |
Wt = 78.0 ± 9.1 BMI = 28.8 ± 3.7 Triglycerides = 1.5 ± 0.8 Total cholesterol = 6.3 ± 1.6 LDL cholesterol = 3.9 ± 1.3 HDL cholesterol = 1.6 ± 0.4 HOMA-IR = 7.4 (7.4) Glucose = 7.0 (1.0) |
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| Woerdeman et al. (33) |
RCT | Netherlands | Intervention (n) = 14 600 mg/day of red wine polyphenols for 8 weeks |
Wt = 108 ± 15.2 BMI = 33.5 Triglycerides = 1.2 ± 1.0 Total cholesterol = 4.8 ± 1.2 LDL cholesterol = 2.9 ± 1.1 HDL cholesterol = 1.2 ± 0.4 HOMA-IR = 3.2 (2.0; 4.5) Glucose = 5.3 ± 0.5 |
Wt = 109.0 ± 15.8 BMI = − Triglycerides = 1.4 ± 1.1 Total cholesterol = 4.8 ± 1.1 LDL cholesterol = 3.0 ± 1.1 HDL cholesterol = 1.2 ± 0.4 HOMA-IR = 2.9 (2.1; 3.8) Glucose =5.3 ± 0.7 |
There were no significant changes in either total, LDL or HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, glucose, or HOMA-IR after red wine supplementation between group | |||
| Control (n) = 15 Placebo for 8 weeks |
Wt = 106.4 ± 16.1 BMI = 33.1 Triglycerides = 1.1 ± 0.7 Total cholesterol = 4.5 ± 1.1 LDL cholesterol = 2.8 ± 1.0 HDL cholesterol = 1.2 ± 0.3 HOMA-IR = 2.3 (1.4; 2.7) Glucose = 5.0 ± 0.7 |
Wt = 106.6 ± 16.8 BMI = – Triglycerides = 1.0 ± 0.8 Total cholesterol = 4.4 ± 1.0 LDL cholesterol = 2.7 ± 1.0 HDL cholesterol = 1.3 ± 0.3 HOMA-IR = 2.2 (1.5; 2.8) Glucose = 5.2 ± 0.5 |
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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Wt = weight; BMI = body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; (−) not available.