Table 5.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and polyphenol.
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus and polyphenol | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, years | Study design | Location | Intervention vs. control | Baseline characteristics of the participants | Posttreatment characteristics of the participants | Results p-value |
| Aghasi et al. (34) | RCT | Iran | Intervention (n = 41) 3 g of green cardamom supplement for 10 weeks |
BMI = 29.06 ± 3.21 HbA1c (%) = 8.19 (0.68) HOMA-IR = 5.01 (1.90) Triglycerides = 158.4 (1.62) Total cholesterol = 155.7 (33.2) LDL cholesterol = 80.2 (20.3) HDL cholesterol = 41.6 (1.2) Glucose = 159.5 (38.7) |
BMI = 28.8 ± 3.1 HbA1c (%) = 7.71 (0.67) HOMA-IR = 3.80 (1.65) Triglycerides = 125.8 (1.5) Total cholesterol = 153.43 (34.7) LDL cholesterol = 77.9 (20.4) HDL cholesterol = 41.6 (1.2) Glucose = 146.8 (27.07) |
After 10 weeks, There were no significant changes in serum glucose TC, HDL-c and LDL-c levels between the two groups. A significant decrease in serum HbA1C (−0.4%), HOMA-IR (−1.7) and TG (−39.9 mg dL − 1) was observed in the cardamom group |
| Control group (n = 42). Placebo |
BMI = 28.66 ± 4.34 HbA1c (%) = 7.27 ± 0.60 HOMA-IR = 1.50 ± 0.51 Triglycerides = 135.54 ± 51.55 Total cholesterol = 142.48 ± 33.55 LDL cholesterol = 70.53 ± 26.19 HDL cholesterol = 44.83 ± 10.87 Glucose = 143.09 ± 37.39 |
BMI = 29.2 ± 3.5 HbA1c (%) = 7.72 (0.58) HOMA-IR = 4.46 (1.65) Triglycerides = 138.03 (1.44) Total cholesterol = 160.5 (30.27) LDL cholesterol = 87.4 (22.8) HDL cholesterol = 41.6 (1.23) Glucose = 145.8 (23.2) |
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| Asadi et al. (35) | RCT | Iran | Melissa. officinalis capsules (700 mg/d; n = 31) twice | BMI = 28.66 ± 4.34 HbA1c (%) = 7.27 ± 0.60 HOMA-IR = 1.50 ± 0.51 Triglycerides = 135.54 ± 51.55 Total cholesterol = 142.48 ± 33.55 LDL cholesterol = 70.53 ± 26.19 HDL cholesterol = 44.83 ± 10.87 Glucose = 143.09 ± 37.39 |
BMI = − HbA1c (%) = 6.99 ± 0.68 HOMA-IR = 1.30 ± 0.52 Triglycerides = 122.03 ± 42.74 Total cholesterol = 145.38 ± 31.15 LDL cholesterol = 72.46 ± 28.85 HDL cholesterol = 48.51 ± 10.55 Glucose = 143.29 ± 33.59 |
After 12 weeks, there were significant differences in HbA1c (p = 0.002), TG (p = 0.04), HDL-c (p = 0.05) between the two group |
| Control group (n = 31). Placebo |
BMI = 28.37 ± 3.71 HbA1c (%) = 7.36 ± 0.49 HOMA-IR = 1.56 ± 0.62 Triglycerides = 143.19 ± 62.19 Total cholesterol = 147.09 ± 31.85 LDL cholesterol = 70.53 ± 26.19 HDL cholesterol = 44.64 ± 9.23 Glucose = 138.87 ± 34.59 |
BMI = − HbA1c (%) = 7.47 ± 0.74 HOMA-IR = 1.42 ± 0.67 Triglycerides = 138.67 ± 38.52 Total cholesterol = 153.09 ± 26.97 LDL cholesterol = 70.53 ± 26.19 HDL cholesterol = 44.61 ± 9.29 Glucose = 151.80 ± 35.34 |
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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Wt = weight; BMI = body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; (−) not available.