FIG. 3.
Effects of PNA oligomers on HIV-1 production in chronically HIV-1-infected cells. (A) Levels of p24 antigen in the supernatants of H9LAI cells cultured in the absence or presence of various PNA oligomers used at a 100 μM concentration. All compounds were tested in triplicate, and the values shown are means with SDs. The p24 antigen level in a supernatant of H9LAI treated with an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, indinavir, is shown as a reference. (B) Levels of p24 antigen in the supernatants of H9LAI and H9RF cells cultured in the absence or presence of various concentrations of PNAPR2. Each dose was tested in triplicate. The values shown are means with SDs. (C) The degrees of inhibition of p24 antigen production in H9LAI cells cultured with 100 μM PNAPR2 or other PNA oligomers targeting the sequences proximate to the PNAPR2-annealing site were compared. Each PNA oligomer was tested in triplicate. Each bar represents the target sequence shifted upstream (−) or downstream (+) by one to six nucleotides away from the PNAPR2-annealing site. The values shown are relative antiviral effects (means ± SDs). (D) Amounts of p24 antigen in the supernatant (solid bars) and cell lysate (crosshatched bars) of H9LAI cells cultured in the absence or presence of 30 and 60 μM PNAPR2. The cell numbers are indicated by circles. The experimental results shown are representative of three separate experiments.