Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| HG-AS (n = 368, 42.8%) | NF-LG AS (n = 245, 28.5%) | Classical LF-LG AS (n = 74, 8.6%) | Paradoxical LF-LG AS (n = 173, 20.1%) |
P Value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | HG vs NF-LG | |||||
| Baseline clinical variables | ||||||
| Age (y) | 76.7 ± 9.8 | 80.0 ± 8.0 | 78.0 ± 12.3 | 80.2 ± 8.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Male | 193 (52.4) | 125 (51.0) | 56 (75.7) | 92 (53.2) | 0.002 | 0.792 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 334 (90.8) | 230 (93.9) | 68 (91.9) | 168 (97.1) | 0.051 | 0.214 |
| Black/African American | 19 (5.2) | 6 (2.4) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (1.7) | 0.085 | 0.145 |
| Asian | 6 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.273 | 0.947 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.002 | 0.409 |
| STS Risk Score | 5.38 ± 3.69 | 5.23 ± 3.74 | 8.03 ± 4.61 | 5.56 ± 4.10 | <0.001 | 0.574 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 153 (41.6) | 84 (34.3) | 34 (45.9) | 76 (43.9) | 0.119 | 0.083 |
| Prior PCI | 117 (31.8) | 97 (39.6) | 47 (63.5) | 70 (40.7) | <0.001 | 0.058 |
| Prior CABG | 53 (14.4) | 49 (20.0) | 27 (37.0) | 29 (16.8) | <0.001 | 0.087 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 51 (13.9) | 55 (22.4) | 32 (43.2) | 29 (16.8) | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| Prior stroke | 36 (9.8) | 31 (12.7) | 7 (9.5) | 24 (13.9) | 0.447 | 0.331 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 150 (40.8) | 102 (41.6) | 38 (51.4) | 65 (37.6) | 0.248 | 0.896 |
| Severe chronic lung disease | 32 (8.7) | 13 (5.3) | 8 (10.8) | 12 (6.9) | 0.299 | 0.156 |
| Home oxygen use | 45 (12.2) | 27 (11.0) | 10 (13.5) | 24 (13.9) | 0.833 | 0.744 |
| Dialysis dependent | 22 (6.0) | 3 (1.2) | 4 (5.4) | 3 (1.7) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Mean preprocedure creatinine | 1.33 ± 1.15 | 1.16 ± 0.72 | 1.54 ± 1.33 | 1.15 ± 0.66 | 0.006 | 0.047 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 126 (34.2) | 86 (35.2) | 35 (47.3) | 100 (57.8) | <0.001 | 0.865 |
| 5-m walk time (s) | 7.58 ± 4.11 | 7.97 ± 3.83 | 6.62 ± 2.27 | 8.17 ± 5.08 | 0.061 | 0.269 |
| Baseline KCCQ | 49.4 ± 26.0 | 49.3 ± 23.1 | 42.4 ± 26.5 | 43.5 ± 21.6 | 0.010 | 0.989 |
| Baseline echocardiographic variables | ||||||
| Aortic valve peak velocity (m/s) | 4.47 ± 0.45 | 3.50 ± 0.35 | 3.22 ± 0.45 | 3.34 ± 0.41 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve mean gradient (mm Hg) | 48.5 ± 11.1 | 30.7 ± 5.1 | 26.1 ± 7.1 | 27.5 ± 6.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.85 ± 0.16 | 0.73 ± 0.18 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 61.7 ± 11.5 | 64.0 ± 6.2 | 32.3 ± 8.7 | 62.5 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| ≥Moderate mitral regurgitation | 36 (9.8) | 17 (6.9) | 21 (28.4) | 26 (15.0) | <0.001 | 0.28 |
| Mitral stenosis | 45 (13.0) | 17 (7.5) | 6 (8.7) | 15 (9.5) | 0.185 | 0.056 |
| ≥Moderate tricuspid regurgitation | 48 (13.0) | 31 (12.7) | 13 (17.6) | 45 (26.0) | 0.001 | 0.985 |
| Right ventricular systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 47.0 ± 16.2 | 43.9 ± 15.0 | 44.8 ± 12.9 | 47.9 ± 17.4 | 0.073 | 0.034 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
AS = aortic stenosis; LF-LG = low-flow, low-gradient; NF-LG = normal flow-low gradient.