Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in the Overall Cohort Grouped According to DASI Quartiles
| All Patients (N = 1,019) | First Quartile (n = 252) | Second Quartile (n = 248) | Third Quartile (n = 268) | Fourth Quartile (n = 251) | P Value for Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DASI-score | 24.95 (15.45-39.45) | 7.25 (4.5-12.7) | 18.95 (15.45-18.95) | 31.45 (26.95-34.95) | 52.95 (45.45-52.95) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 74 (61-82) | 75 (65-82) | 76 (65-83) | 76 (63-82) | 66 (52-77) | <0.001 |
| Female | 436 (43) | 117 (46) | 110 (44) | 114 (43) | 95 (38) | 0.049 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26 (22-30) | 26 (22-31) | 25 (22-30) | 26 (22-30) | 26 (23-30) | 0.708 |
| History | ||||||
| Hypertension | 689 (68) | 196 (78) | 177 (71) | 186 (69) | 130 (52) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 239 (24) | 77 (31) | 56 (23) | 67 (25) | 39 (16) | <0.001 |
| Ever a smoker | 684 (68) | 178 (72) | 168 (69) | 173 (65) | 165 (67) | 0.135 |
| Coronary artery disease | 355 (35) | 97 (39) | 100 (40) | 94 (35) | 64 (26) | 0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 353 (35) | 108 (43) | 105 (42) | 95 (36) | 45 (18) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 301 (30) | 89 (36) | 75 (30) | 87 (33) | 48 (19) | <0.001 |
| COPD/asthma | 357 (35) | 116 (46) | 86 (35) | 85 (33) | 70 (28) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs and symptoms on admission | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 138 (122-155) | 134 (119-151) | 137 (120-152) | 139 (123-156) | 139 (125-159) | 0.010 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 90 (76-107) | 92 (75-108) | 90 (77-103) | 88 (75-106) | 92 (76-110) | 0.306 |
| SpO2, % | 96 (93-98) | 95 (91-97) | 96 (93-98) | 96 (94-98) | 96 (93-98) | 0.013 |
| Body temperature, °C | 37.1 (36.7-37.6) | 37.1 (36.7-37.6) | 37.0 (36.6-37.6) | 37.1 (36.6-37.7) | 37.1 (36.7-37.7) | 0.041 |
| Leg edema | 430 (42) | 132 (53) | 115 (47) | 103 (39) | 78 (32) | <0.001 |
| First inhospital laboratory findings | ||||||
| BUN, mmol/L | 7.5 (5.2-11.1) | 8.2 (5.6-12.7) | 8.2 (5.7-12.5) | 7.9 (5.2-11.3) | 6.5 (4.8-9.0) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 132 (117-146) | 127 (114-142) | 127 (111-142) | 133 (117-146) | 139 (130-150) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 88 (69-119) | 89 (69-130) | 97 (73-135) | 89 (67-120) | 83 (69-100) | 0.002 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139 (136-141) | 138 (135-141) | 139 (136-141) | 139 (136-141) | 139 (137-141) | 0.024 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.8-4.4) | 4.1 (3.7-4.6) | 4.1 (3.8-4.5) | 4.1 (3.8-4.4) | 4.1 (3.8-4.3) | 0.197 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/L | 1,229 (229-5,214) | 2,027 (381-6,308) | 1,757 (378-5,606) | 1,315 (236-5,281) | 404 (92-2,389) | <0.001 |
| Medication on admission | ||||||
| ACEI/ARBs | 509 (51) | 141 (57) | 136 (56) | 146 (56) | 86 (35) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 435 (44) | 120 (49) | 118 (49) | 119 (45) | 78 (31) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 522 (52) | 155 (63) | 142 (59) | 144 (55) | 81 (33) | <0.001 |
Values are median (IQR) or n (%). Patients stratified according to DASI into quartiles. P values for trend calculated using Cochran–Armitage test for categorical and linear regression for continuous variables. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All hypothesis testing was 2-tailed.
ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = aldosterone receptor blocker; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DASI = Duke Activity Status Index; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SpO2 = peripheral oxygen saturation.