Table 6. Meal and rumination patterns, chewing behaviors (min/8 h), and times of resting, drinking, non-nutritive oral behaviors (NNOB), standing, and lying as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) and a blend of WM with milk replacer powder (WM+MR) or transition milk (WM+TM) as liquid feeds to cold-stressed newborn Holstein calves (n = 17 per treatment).
| Item | Treatments | SEM | Contrasts1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WM | WM+MR | WM+TM | C1 | C2 | ||
| Meal | ||||||
| Bouts (frequency)/8 h | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 0.30 | 0.67 | 0.80 |
| Length, min | 9.0 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.52 |
| Interval, min | 94.1 | 92.3 | 96.0 | 14.55 | 0.68 | 0.44 |
| Eating rate, g of SI/min | 21.1 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.46 |
| Meal size, g of SI/bout | 189.6 | 190.0 | 188.2 | 18.57 | 0.92 | 0.29 |
| Starter DM intake, g/8 h | 967.7 | 988.0 | 941.0 | 93.90 | 0.76 | 0.84 |
| Rumination | ||||||
| Bouts (frequency)/8 h | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.28 |
| Length, min | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.3 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.93 |
| Interval, min | 106.7 | 111.6 | 114.3 | 10.30 | 0.84 | 0.26 |
| Eating time, min | 45.9 | 50.4 | 49.5 | 3.56 | 0.37 | 0.35 |
| Ruminating time, min | 81.9 | 78.3 | 76.9 | 4.24 | 0.59 | 0.26 |
| Resting time, min | 308.8 | 316.3 | 314.9 | 7.35 | 0.57 | 0.52 |
| Drinking time, min | 14.1 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 1.37 | 0.94 | 0.24 |
| NNOB, min | 29.3 | 22.2 | 27.0 | 3.18 | 0.13 | 0.62 |
| Standing time, min | 150.0 | 167.7 | 172.1 | 7.08 | 0.04 | 0.33 |
| Laying time, min | 330.0 | 312.3 | 307.9 | 7.08 | 0.04 | 0.33 |
1Contrasts: C1 = WM vs. the average of WM+TM and WM+MR; C2 = WM+TM vs. WM+MR.