. 2024 Jun 25;19(6):e0305692. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305692

Table 2. Reported cost of typhoid data per country and cost category.

Country and study reference	Population	Sample size for reported total cost estimate	Total cost	Direct medical	Direct non-medical	Indirect
Cost of typhoid case treated in outpatient or inpatient setting
Bangladesh^* [18]	<18 y.o.	1,500	$69	$61	$6	$24
Patients & caregivers	<18 y.o.	1,500	$69	$61	$6	$24
Healthcare provider	N/A	N/A		$63
China [12]		58	$268	$215		$55
	<18 y.o.	23	$143	$121		$21
	Adults	35	$353	$277		$77
Indonesia [12]		107	$270	$178		$92
	<18 y.o.	73	$153	$106		$47
	Adults	34	$456	$280		$176
India [15]		98	$194	$100	$35	$43
	<2 y.o.	3	$97	$36	$62
	2–5 y.o.	33	$213	$149	$64
	5–19 y.o.	51	$189	$87	$102
	Adults	9	$179	$17	$161
India [11]		83		$38		N/A
	<18 y.o.	77		$31		N/A
India [12]		79	$23	$16		$8
	<18 y.o.	54	$17	$12		$5
Nepal [12]		22	$152	$113		$39
Nepal^* [19]		332	$64	$40	$5	Patient $51
Patients & caregivers		332	$64	$40	$5	Care giver $20
Healthcare provider	N/A	N/A		$86
Pakistan [12]	<18 y.o.	66	$78	$67		$13
Pakistan^* [20]		796	$147	$122	$4	Patient $90
Patients & caregivers		796	$147	$122	$4	Care giver $24
Healthcare provider	N/A	N/A		$10 - $46
Tanzania [14]		17	$190	$27	$6	$157
	<15 y.o.	n.a.	$226
	Adults	n.a.	$165
Vietnam [12]	<18 y.o.	17	$183	$170		$13
Cost of typhoid case treated in outpatient setting
Bangladesh^* [18]	<18 y.o.	1,084	$48	$42	$3	$21
Patients & caregivers	<18 y.o.	1,084	$48	$42	$3	$21
China [12]		58	$143
	<18 y.o.	23	$72
	Adults	35	$189
Indonesia [12]		107	$117
	<18 y.o.	73	$102
	Adults	34	$155
India [15]		98	$114
India [11]	<18 y.o.	67		$4
India [12]		79	$20
	<18 y.o.	54	$16
Malawi [16]		65	$83	$54	$1	$28
	<18 y.o.	42	$96	$56	$2	$38
	Adults	23	$69	$52	$1	$16
Nepal [12]		n.a.	$54	$48		$6
Nepal^* [19]		242	$42	$29	$4	Patient $45
Patients & caregivers		242	$42	$29	$4	Care giver $8
Pakistan [12]	<18 y.o.	66	$54
Pakistan^* [20]		773	$140	$117	$4	Patient $90
Patients & caregivers		773	$140	$117	$4	Care giver $24
Vietnam [12]	<18 y.o.	17	$98
Cost of typhoid case treated in inpatient setting
Bangladesh^* [18]	<18 y.o.	416	$279	$209	$58	$27
Patients & caregivers	<18 y.o.	416	$279	$209	$58	$27
China [12]		58	$457
	<18 y.o.	23	$249
	Adults	35	$598
Indonesia [12]		107	$884
	<18 y.o.	73	$616
	Adults	34	$1,095
India [15]		11	$976
India [11]		16		$182
	<18 y.o.	10		$212
	Adults	6		$133
India [12]		79	$201
	<18 y.o.	54	$226
India [17]	Patients from tertiary care hospital	221	$597	$368	$53	Patient $54
India [17]	Patients from tertiary care hospital	221	$597	$368	$53	Care giver $122
	Patients from lower level hospitals	782	$204	$110	$20	Patient $26
	Patients from lower level hospitals	782	$204	$110	$20	Care giver $48
Malawi [16]		44	$524	$398	$49	$77
	<18 y.o.	21	$410	$310	$37	$63
	Adults	23	$632	$483	$60	$89
Nepal [12]		n.a.	$286	$204		$82
Nepal^* [19]		90	$204	$150	$18	Patient $81
Nepal^* [19]						Care giver $36
Patients & caregivers						Care giver $36
Pakistan [12]	<18 y.o.	66	$298
Pakistan^* [20]		23	$278	$266	$4	Patient $0
Patients & caregivers		23	$278	$266	$4	Care giver $30
Vietnam [12]	<18 y.o.	17	$405
Cost of treating typhoid related nontraumatic ileal perforations
India [17] †		110	$1,735	$1,320		$415
Niger [23]		2,931	$551
Nigeria [21]	< 15 y.o.	32		$467
Nigeria [22]	< 15 y.o.	95		$263
Pakistan^* [20] †		123	$451	$202	$49	Patient $294
Patients & caregivers		123	$451	$202	$49	Care giver $92

* Indicates values reported as median; y.o.: year olds; n.a.: not available

** indicates we report the cost for severe enteric fever rather than cost for salmonella typhi because of the additional details provided for severe enteric fever (only direct medical cost is provided for salmonella typhi)

†indicates studies reporting on cost of nontraumatic ileal perforation due to enteric fever rather than typhoid.