. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 Dec 26;52(5):516–527. doi: 10.1111/ceo.14343

Table 3:

Multivariable model examining relationships between sphingolipid (SPL) species and depression scores (PHQ-9), when controlling for potential confounders

Variables	Standardized beta	P-value
Meibum Hex-Cer 26:0 (pmol)	−0.43	<0.001
Tear Cer 16:0 (mole%)	−0.41	<0.001
Antidepressants (yes/no)	0.41	<0.001
Tear Cer 26.1	0.25	0.01
Meibum Hex-Cer 16:0 (mole%)	−0.24	0.01

Abbreviations: Ceramides (Cer), Hexosyl ceramide (Hex-cer), Pico mole (pmole), Mole (mol), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)