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. 2024 Jun 25;14:14590. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64386-w

Table 3.

The parameters of the SR model used in generating expressions.

Parameters Value Parameters Value
Number of generations 200 Allowed Binary operators +, *, ^, /
Total number of populations 50 Loss function Mean absolute error
Population size 20 Constraints {‘^’:(–1,10)}(a)
Maximum length of expressions (total number of nodes) 30 (WWR), 22 (WOR) Nested constraints ‘^’:{‘^’:0,’/’:1}, ‘/’:{‘/’:0,’^’:1}(b)
Parsimony (factor control the expression complexity) 0.02 Model_selection Accuracy

(a) The constraint ‘^’:(− 1, 10) says that power laws can have any complexity in the left argument, but only 10 complexity (nodes) in the right argument.

(b) The nested constraints specify how many times a combination of operators can be nested. The constraint ‘/’:{‘/’:0,‘^’:1} indicates that ‘/’ may never appear within ‘/’, but ‘^’ can be nested once in ‘/’.