Table 5.

Comparison of the developed ML models.

Metrics	Training data			Testing data			All data
	CatB	GPR	LGBM	CatB	GPR	LGBM	CatB	GPR	LGBM	Prop.Eqn (WOR)	Prop.Eqn (WWR)
Mean $\mu$	1.005	1.006	1.008	1.026	1.023	1.026	1.01	1.01	1.012	1.003	1.004
CoV	0.062	0.062	0.076	0.141	0.151	0.154	0.085	0.088	0.098	0.207	0.192
R2	0.997	0.997	0.991	0.933	0.947	0.875	0.986	0.988	0.971	0.917	0.937
MAPE	4.41	4.44	5.32	9.32	10.27	9.61	5.39	5.60	6.18	16.80	13.70
RMSE( kN)	36.8	39.6	63.6	160.9	143.3	219.9	79.1	73.2	113.6	115.9	196.7
a20-index	0.994	0.993	0.981	0.899	0.857	0.887	0.975	0.965	0.962	0.68	0.78