Table 8.

Statistical properties of random variables.

Properties	Variables	Mean	Cov (%)	Std.	Distribution	Space	Refs.
Geometry	$b_w$ (mm)	$b_w+2.286$	–	4.826 (mm)	Normal	200	47,48
	h (mm)	h	2.0	–	Normal	{1000, 2000, 3000}	49,50
	d (mm)	d-4.826	–	12.7 (mm)	Normal	0.97 (h)	47,48
	a/d	a/d	–	–	Deterministic	{0.5, 1.25, 2.0}	47
Material	$f_c^{\prime }$ (MPa)	$\chi f_c^{\prime }$*	10.1	–	Normal	{20, 40, 60}	51,52
	$f_y$ (MPa)	$1.2f_y$	8.3	–	Lognormal	{235, 355, 420}	50,53,54
	$f_{\mathit{yh}}$ (MPa)	$1.2f_y$	8.3	–	Lognormal	235	50,53,54
	$f_{\mathit{yv}}$ (MPa)	$1.2f_y$	8.3	–	Lognormal	235	50,53,54
Reinforcement	${\rho }_l$	${\rho }_l$	1.25	–	Normal	{0.004, 0.012, 0.02}	50,54,55
	${\rho }_{\mathit{hw}}$	${\rho }_{\mathit{hw}}$	1.25	–	Normal	{0.002, 0.06, 0.01}	50,54,55
	${\rho }_{\mathit{vw}}$	${\rho }_{\mathit{hw}}$	1.25	–	Normal	{0.002, 0.06, 0.01}	50,54,55
Load	k (load ratio)	k	–	–	Deterministic	{0.5, 1.25, 2.0}
	D (dead load)	1.05D	0.1	–	Normal	–	24,56
	L (live load)	L	0.18	–	Gumbel	–	47,56

*$\chi =3.0469-0.13543f_c^{\prime }+0.31743{\left(0.1,f_c^{\prime }\right)}^2-0.02413{\left(0.1,f_c^{\prime }\right)}^3$ ⁵¹.