Table 9.

Load and resistance factors, the prediction-to-test ratio θ_R distributions, recommended strength reduction factor ϕ.

	ACI31817	EC218	CATB	Prop.Eqn (WOR)	Prop.Eqn (WWR)
Load factor $\gamma$
Dead load ${\gamma }_D$	1.2	1.35	1.2	1.2**	1.2**
Live load ${\gamma }_L$	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
Best-fit distribution ${\theta }_{\text{R}}$ (Table *)	Lognormal	Lognormal	Lognormal	Lognormal	Lognormal
Mean (Table *)	0.699	0.677	1.01	1.003	1.004
CoV (Table *)	0.372	0.353	0.085	0.207	0.192
Target reliability $\beta$	3.559	3.818	5.29*	3.5**	3.5**
Evaluated strength reduction factor $\varphi$ for the target reliability index	0.58	0.78	1.0	0.76	0.78

*Target reliability $\beta =5.29$ evaluated for strength reduction factor $\varphi =1.0$.

**Load factors and target reliability $\beta$ are assumed to be identical to these of ACI318.