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. 2024 Jun 25;15:5357. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49566-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Panels a and b show the distribution of heritability and community-level environmental variance component in each category of PheWAS disease code and the disease with the largest variance components is labeled for each category. Minima and maxima values (excluding outliers) are represented by the lower- and upper-bound of the whiskers. Median value is represented by the bold line in the middle. First and third quartiles are represented by the lower- and upper-bound of the box. Panel c displays heatmap of correlations between the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of spatial random effects and each individual community location-level environmental exposure. Different colors in the plot indicate different ranges of Pearson correlation coefficient values. The number of phenotypes in each categories are the following: symptoms (n = 37), sense organs (n = 91), respiratory (n = 70), neurological (n = 63), neoplasms (n = 43), musculoskeletal (n = 91), mental disorders (n = 58), injuries & poisonings (n = 75), hematopoietic (n = 40), genitourinary (n = 55), endocrine/metabolic (n = 100), digestive (n = 117), dermatologic (n = 77), congenital anomalies (n = 38), and circulatory system (n = 79).