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. 2024 Jun 25;7:167. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01170-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Exploration of the underlying biology of delta-BMI variability using the UK Biobank NMR metabolomic data: a A metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) Manhattan plot showing the negative logarithm of the univariate correlation p-values between delta-BMI and the concentrations of NMR metabolites, adjusted for BMI, sex, age, and age². Out of 168 comparisons, 136 (80.1%) reached significance based on the Bonferroni correction. An interactive version of the plots can be accessed in the Online Supplement. b Stability selection analysis employing LASSO regression on significant MWAS metabolites: This analysis, conducted over 1000 iterations with 80% subsampling, identifies robust metabolite associations with delta-BMI. Adjustments were made for measured BMI, sex, age, and age². The black dashed line represents the calibrated selection proportion. c Multivariate linear regression analysis of stably selected metabolites against delta-BMI, adjusted for measured BMI, sex, age, and age², demonstrating the individual contribution of stably selected metabolites to variations in delta-BMI.