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. 2024 Jun 11;10:e56643. doi: 10.2196/56643

Table 3.

Estimated proportion of men who identify as gay or bisexual for individual studies and combined meta-analysis by identity and attraction (GSSa, NSDUHb, NSFGc, NHANESd, and NHISe surveys, United States, 2017-2021).

Study name Time period Sample size Estimated prevalence (%; 95% CI) Q statistic P value I2 (%)
Identity 3.4 (2.2-4.6) 152.4 <.001 95.4

GSS 2018 629 2.2 (1.1-3.2)



GSS 2021 1012 6.4 (4.7-8.0)



NSDUH 2018 20,162 4.6 (4.1-5.0)



NSDUH 2019 19,923 4.2 (3.8-4.6)



NSFGf 2017-2019 5206 2.5 (1.9-3.2)



NSFGf 2017-2019 5206 2.6 (1.9-3.3)



NHIS 2019 14,733 2.1 (1.8-2.4)



NHANES 2017-2020 2595 4.6 (3.5-5.7)


Attraction 4.9 (3.1-6.7) 9.6 .008 79.2

NSDUH 2018 20,162 5.3 (4.8-5.7)



NSDUH 2019 19,923 5.3 (4.9-5.7)



NSFG 2017-2019 5206 4.0 (3.2-4.8)


aGSS: General Social Survey.

bNSDUH: National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health.

cNSFG: National Survey of Family Growth.

dNHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

eNHIS: National Health Interview Survey.

fThe NSFG contains 2 different questions about a respondent’s sexual identity; therefore, we included both estimates for 2017-2019.