Table 1. Clinical and Demographic Features of ELEKT-D Participants .
| Feature | Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 365) | ECT group (n = 170) | Ketamine group (n = 195) | |
| Categorical variables, No. (%) | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 191 (52.3) | 87 (51.2) | 104 (53.3) |
| Male | 174 (47.7) | 83 (48.8) | 91 (46.7) |
| Race | |||
| Black | 20 (5.5) | 10 (5.9) | 10 (5.1) |
| White | 319 (87.4) | 151 (88.8) | 168 (86.2) |
| Othera | 26 (7.1) | 9 (5.3) | 17 (8.7) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 31 (8.5) | 7 (4.1) | 24 (12.3) |
| Non-Hispanic | 334 (91.5) | 163 (95.9) | 171 (87.7) |
| History of suicide attempt | 142 (38.9) | 70 (41.2) | 72 (36.9) |
| Anxious features present | 198 (54.2) | 90 (52.9) | 108 (55.4) |
| Comorbid PTSD | 80 (21.9) | 43 (25.3) | 37 (19.0) |
| Concurrent benzodiazepine use | 114 (31.2) | 56 (32.9) | 58 (29.7) |
| Concurrent atypical antipsychotic medication use | 103 (28.2) | 47 (27.6) | 56 (28.7) |
| Inpatient at first treatment | 44 (12.1) | 21 (12.4) | 23 (11.8) |
| Site | |||
| Baylor College of Medicine | 82 (22.5) | 36 (21.2) | 46 (23.6) |
| Cleveland Clinic | 105 (28.8) | 51 (30.0) | 54 (27.7) |
| Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | 63 (17.3) | 28 (16.5) | 35 (17.9) |
| Yale University | 75 (20.5) | 37 (21.8) | 38 (19.5) |
| Johns Hopkins University | 40 (11.0) | 18 (10.6) | 22 (11.3) |
| Continuous variables, mean (SD) | |||
| Age, y | 46.0 (14.5) | 46.6 (14.1) | 45.6 (14.8) |
| QIDS-SR16 scoreb | 18.1 (4.1) | 18.2 (4.2) | 17.9 (4.1) |
| MADRS scorec | 32.5 (6.1) | 32.6 (6.1) | 32.4 (6.2) |
| MoCA scored | 26.5 (2.7) | 26.4 (2.6) | 26.5 (2.8) |
| HVLT-R delayed recall T scoree | 38.5 (14.6) | 37.8 (14.7) | 39.1 (14.6) |
| NAART-35 scoref | 88.7 (9.5) | 89.4 (8.7) | 88.0 (10.2) |
| BMI | 29.9 (7.6) | 30.5 (7.9) | 29.5 (7.4) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; ELEKT-D, ELEKT-D: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) vs Ketamine in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD); HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NAART-35, North American Adult Reading Test-35; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; QIDS-SR16, 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report.
Included American Indian or Native American, Asian, multiracial, and other races that were self-reported.
Scores range from 0 to 27, with more than 20 indicating very severe depression.
A 10-item clinician-rated scale, ranging from 0 to 60, in which a score greater than 36 indicates very severe depression.
Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating normal cognition.
Scores range from −11 to 62 in ELEKT-D, with higher scores indicating better functioning.
Scores range from 57 to 113 in ELEKT-D, with higher scores indicating higher premorbid intelligence.