Figure 7.

Synergistic effect of dapsone and cannabidiol on the damage caused by OGD/R. Cerebral ischemia is characterized by the interruption of blood flow, which in turn decreases oxygen and glucose in neurons, which leads to neuronal excitotoxicity, triggering a cascade of processes leading to the production of ROS, an imbalance of ions, activation of the caspases pathway and cell death by apoptosis. Cannabidiol acts on CB1 receptors, thus regulating the release of glutamate in pre-synaptic neurons, while dapsone acts on postsynaptic neurons, regulating the excessive release of calcium and ROS, thus modulating the activation of caspases. Oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBR1), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR).