Table 5.

Comparison of the method developed in this study for the diagnostic support of GDM with those presented in similar articles.

Time of Application	Study	Instrumental Technique	Predictive Power	Duration of Analysis
Before diagnosis of GDM by OGTT	This study	NIRS	AUROC: 0.5768 ± 0.0635 NER: 0.6321 ± 0.0489	32 min
	[21]	LC-MS	AUROC: 0.724–0.902	>8 h
	[48]	LC-MS	AUROC: 0.7075	1.5 h
	[49]	LC-MS	AUROC: 0.729–0.906	>4 h
	[22]	GC-MS	AUROC: 0.771–0.907	>1.5 h
	[50]	GC-MS	AUROC: 0.745–0.797	>16 h
	[23]	NMRS	AUROC: 0.796	Not mentioned. Typically 1–1.5 h [51]
	[52]	NMRS	AUROC: 0.59
	[53]	NMRS	NER: 0.635–0.825
	[54]	NMRS	AUROC: 0.610–0.719
	[27]	PCR	AUROC: 0.7694	>8 h
	[55]	PCR	NER: 0.531–0.552	>2 h
	[56]	PCR	AUROC: 0.600–0.669	>2.5 h
At the time of diagnosis of GDM by OGTT	This study	NIRS	AUROC: 0.8836 ± 0.0259 NER: 0.7894 ± 0.0431	32 min
	[48]	LC-MS	AUROC: 0.7800	1.5 h
	[50]	GC-MS	AUROC: 0.745–0.828	>16 h
	[57]	GC-MS	AUROC: 0.83–0.90	>16 h
	[52]	NMRS	AUROC: 0.62	Not mentioned. Typically 1–1.5 h [51]
	[53]	NMRS	NER: 0.695–0.885
	[27]	PCR	AUROC: 0.7694	>8 h
	[55]	PCR	NER: 0.531–0.552	>2 h
	[58]	PCR	AUROC: 0.74–0.92	>2.5 h

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; NIRS: near-infrared spectroscopy; LC-MS: liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; GC-MS: gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; NMRS: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; AUROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; NER: non-error rate.