Table 1.
Regression analysis of types of arts engagement on positive psychological outcomes.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flow | Aesthetic Emotion | Ego Identity | Flourishing | |||||||||
| β | SE | t | β | SE | t | β | SE | t | β | SE | t | |
| Gender (male = 1) | −0.11 | 1.09 | −2.32 * | −0.10 | 0.47 | −2.17 * | −0.03 | 0.25 | −0.53 | −0.03 | 0.82 | −0.64 |
| Age | −0.03 | 0.33 | −0.72 | −0.12 | 0.14 | −2.56 * | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.88 | −0.07 | 0.25 | −1.30 |
| SFES | 0.11 | 0.30 | 2.37 * | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.65 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 4.30 *** | 0.20 | 0.22 | 3.99 *** |
| ALE (yes = 1) | 0.24 | 1.23 | 5.02 *** | 0.18 | 0.53 | 3.76 *** | −0.06 | 0.28 | −1.14 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.17 |
| VACR (yes = 1) | 0.08 | 1.05 | 1.65 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 1.60 | 0.08 | 0.79 | 1.53 |
| PACR (yes = 1) | 0.09 | 1.17 | 1.99 * | 0.12 | 0.50 | 2.63 ** | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 0.87 | 0.75 |
| LACR (yes = 1) | 0.06 | 1.07 | 1.32 | 0.05 | 0.46 | 1.16 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 2.42 * | 0.04 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
| VACO (yes = 1) | 0.07 | 1.08 | 1.54 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 2.83 ** | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 0.08 |
| PACO (yes = 1) | 0.01 | 1.16 | 0.20 | −0.06 | 0.50 | −1.22 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.87 | 1.68 |
| LACO (yes = 1) | 0.02 | 1.34 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 1.78 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.10 | −0.04 | 1.01 | −0.90 |
| F | 8.94 *** | 8.41 *** | 3.88 *** | 3.53 *** | ||||||||
| R2 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||||||||
Note. SFES = Subjective family economic status; ALE = Art-learning experience; VACR = Visual arts creation; PACR = Performing arts creation; LACR = Literary arts creation; VACO = Visual arts consumption; VACO = Performing arts consumption; LACO = Literary arts consumption; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.