Table 4.
Infectious factors inducing hoof diseases with symptoms of lameness.
| Type of Illness | Isolated Infectious Agents | References |
|---|---|---|
| Digital dermatitis |
Fusobacterium spp., Bacterioides spp., Campylobacter spp., Peptococcus spp. Treponema spp. |
[43,44] |
| Paronychia (chronic hoof infection) |
Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides nodosus. Possible involvement of Dichelobacter nodosus, S. aureus, E. coli, Trueperella pyogenes |
|
| Interdigital dermatitis | Dichelobacter (Bacterioides) nodosus, F. necrophorum, Treponema spp. | [45,46] |
| Interdigital phlegmon (foot rot, interdigital bone marrow necrosis) | F. necrophorum, D. nodosus | [46,47] |
| Heel horn erosion | F. necrophorum, D. nodosus | [43] |
| Arthritis | Mycoplasma spp. | [48] |
| Bovine respiratory disease complex | Mycoplasma spp., Histophilus somni, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium spp. | [49,50,51] |
| Skin and multi-organ infections | Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. | [43] |